Responds a topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Responds a topic - Essay Exampletreated the same way as the slaves and the children and this core she was by no means greater than them in any way and that was her social level (Lerner 79).The alliance between hands and women prior to these ancient societies was one based on equality and cordial behavior. in that location was division of chores between men and women during the hunting and concourse era where the men who were physically strong capture and the women gathered. No gender was superior to the other(a). All this however changed with the incorporation of agriculture and end of the hunting and gathering period and the womens role in inn started creation that of subordination and inferiority while that of men become that of superiority and authoritarianism (Diamond 96). It was no longer about physical features and division of labor still became a master and slave kind of relationship with the slave in this case literary being the woman whose rights became non-existen ce especially with marriage.Virginity became a big issue for the women who were to ensure they stayed pure until they were married off. The husbands on the other hand were not required to be virgins. In fact the much women a man had slept with, the more of a conqueror he was considered to be. The society employed double standards on this issue including the fact that an adulterer women was sentenced to death while the man was simply released to go do as he wishes. Once married, the rules of society dictated that the woman move to go live with her husband and his family and was part of the mans berth from them henceforth to control and do with her as he pleases. The subordination of the women developed at this juncture where she was pass judgment to obey and follow all the demands and commands of the husband without any question as the man was the authority figure.These beliefs and behaviors go on to intensify even after the society started moving from agriculture to other crafts such as benignant in trade with the western

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 20

History - Essay ExampleThe magnitude of this outcome was clear from the onset as the burden of proof was left in the hands of top government legal practitioners. No greater expectation was put on the side of the petitioner, Mr. Lochner, whom many thought, would lose.The case was about the working environments in the bakeries and Mr. Lochnerhad been fined by the court for extending the working hours for his employee thereby bridging the rules stipulated by the separate. The working hours in the bakeries were to be not more than 10 hour a day averaging to about 60 hours a week (Bernstein, 2005). However, Mr. Lochner argued his case based on individual contract and that the state policing power had no rights in interfering in such occult issues. The Supreme Court ruling on this case would spark serious indifference that would be felt up over a long period (Bernstein, 2005).The sitting judges of the Supreme Court at that term lead by Justice Peckam who declared their decision voting 5-4 in support of the case (Bernstein, 2005). They argued that the contracts in the bakery were a matter that would be derived from the Fourth amendment. The Fourth Amendment stipulated that All men are by nature free and independent, and have certain inalienable rights, among which are those of enjoying and defending life and liberty, acquiring and possessing and defend property and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness (Bernstein, 2005).The ruling cited supported the ruling by arguing that the state had no right in how an individual entered into a contract. This was in reference to a previous case in 1897 between Allgeryer and Louisiana in which the liberty of contract clause was due applied (Bernstein, 2005). This was in the first place geared to put off the foreign investors from the competition with the already bakeshops in the state. Their decision would later be termed as judicial activism in favor of individual interest and the supporting economic liberty musical c omposition depriving

The Scorecard Measures between BSkyB and ESPN Essay

The Scorecard Measures between BSkyB and ESPN - undertake ExampleThe viewpoints have been stated to be with moot to the domestic business processes and that of customers along with learning as well as progress. Therefore, the mentioned functions related to balanced visiting card facilitates the companies to constantly verify their financial outcomes while at the same time supervising the developing related to constructing competencies accompanied with obtaining the insubstantial assets that are believed to be required for future development (Kaplan & Norton, 2005). The operational as well as the management control structures of absolute majority of the companies are found to be centred on the financial dealings and aims. These financial measures have been observed to put up with minimum intimacy of the companys advancement towards attainment of the strategic goals in the long-run. Therefore, the prominence that is rested by majority of the companies on the financial initiative s is observed to leave behind a space among structuring an approach and its respective implementation. The application of balanced scorecard eradicates the necessity for the managers to utterly rely on the short-run financial initiatives for ascertaining the performance. The possible scorecard actions that could sensibly be applied by both the considered companies i.e. BSkyB and ESPN have been suggested below in four distinct heads Financial Perspective This particular viewpoint i.e. the financial perspective is learnt to relate to the financial purposes that are yearned with regard to the viewpoint of the shareholders of an organisation. The initiatives related to the financial performance would overhaul in defining the purposes of the organisations in the long-run. BSkyB needs to brand name investments in altering their programs and for the reason of introducing fresh ones in order to cater to the altering desires of the consumers. The investments will help the company to deve lop additionally in terms of their present market shares along with helping them to draw off benefits from the made investments in the future days. ESPN also needs to make investments in launching fresh take which would aim at broadcasting a varied range of programs such as entertainment, music and movies encompass the requirements of the various age groups of consumers. This will help the company to earn note outlayy returns which would further enhance the worth of the shareholders (Kaplan & Norton, 2005). Customer Perspective This particular step that is the comprehension of the vision of the company aids the managers to develop an capital of New Hampshire regarding the strategy and the objective of the companies. The vision of the company is believed and observed to revolve around their customers. Companies need to embark on such strategies that would be directed towards attaining the satisfaction of the customers. BSkyB should alter their programs in accordance with the chan ging trends in the coveted pattern of programs by the consumers. A proper study needs to be conducted regarding the demands of the consumers on the basis of

Summarise the strategic options that are appropriate to ZARA and make Essay

Summarise the strategic options that are appropriate to ZARA and make definitive for ZARA to sustain its future day fleck in the - Essay ExampleThis difficulty of the imitation is one of the foundations the leading strategy relies on. Zara has managed to successfully tip its economic of scale through its size and volume of labor. Passemard observes that there is a relationship between firm-size metrical in terms of volume of production. Based on this understanding, and considering that Zara sells medium quality fashion clothing at afford qualified prices, its unit production is minimum. The optimum volume of production is reached when the average make up per unit production is minimal. (Passemard, 2006). Zara has also managed to sustain the leadership strategy beca commit of its volume of production. Passemard, points out that with a high level of production, a company is able to purchase and use specialized manufacturing tools which other small companies are not able to affor d (Passemard, 2006). The study indicates that the merchandize in the rain easiness has a capacity of only 45,000 folded garments per hour and that this facility has its limitation unless more capacity can be created elsewhere. A further study by Adams observes that cost advantage may be associated with division of labor, which apparently is one of the key ingredients of Zara efficiency of thrash. The study indicates that at Zara, the design collections are developed by creative teams rather than groups of designers. In general implementation of leadership strategy requires firms that are able to produce relatively simple tiredized products and at the same prison term are able to sell those products at comparatively low prices. This mechanism contrasts other companies who pursue barter or corporate strategies from Zara. Zara has managed to keep its low cost production by ensuring that they maintain the supply and interpret the variety to the taste of the supplier. The study poi nts that Zara stores is stocked with items tailored to the taste of the local clientele and that one would never end up looking care someone else. According to Adams, for the cost producer strategy to work best, buyers must be able to use the product in the same way and have often same needs and requirement when buyers are large and have significant bargaining power (Frankl & Rubik, 2000). This is underscored by porters beer in his analysis of the buyer power while examining the Porters 5 forces. Porter points out that this strategy will be efficient if the industrys product is a standard product which is readily available from variety of sellers. In the case of Zara, there are several outlets providing well-nigh the same ambience all over Northern Spain and the rest of the world. In observation of the Porter Five forces, Zara has been able to protect itself from the rivals, buyers, suppliers, potential entrants and substitutes. The study reveals that Zara has managed to keep of f the new entrant by bold reduction of prices for artificial purposes as well as using its dominance and economies of scale to contain the competitors like GAP. Identify the corporate level strategies In identifying corporate growth strategies, this paper will consider that use of Ansoff matrix. Zara has exploited the use of the matrix.Ansoff matrix portray alternative corporate growth strategies. This strategy explores the present and future potential growth of the business based on the products and markets. While looking at the position of Zara, it is main(prenominal) to points out that

Considering Divorce- Smart Marriges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Considering Divorce- Smart Marriges - Essay ExampleHaving been into a relationship with eight men so far in her life, Julie was able to make a checklist against which she would survey the qualities of men in the future. The one scoring full would be eligible to take her hand in hand. The list goes as follows 1. He would be established in his life with a business value at least $2 million 2. He would not have been into any relationship ahead meeting Julie 3. He would not be into a relationship with any woman in increment to Julie 4. He would love Julie by heart and would never leave her 5. He would not see his parents much than twice a year and would not spend more than twenty four hrs with them in the solely year 6. His love for Julie would not be driven by lust 7. He would love Julie for her spirit rather than her body 8. He would be virgin .and the list goes on One day, Julie met Ben. Ben was from Holland and had come to Ontario for studies. Julie offered him to touch her a partment. After spending a year with him, Julie found Ben scoring full in her checklist. She had waited for so unyielding for the right person to come into her life and there she had him. Julie had spent more than half of her youth in her search of the right man. At the age of 38 years, she resolved to marry Ben. But it only took Julie collar days after marriage to file a case for divorce.

Was the US Supreme Court Health Care Decision Written by Chief Justice Essay

Was the US Supreme greet Health Care Decision Written by Chief Justice Roberts an usage of legal Activism - Essay ExampleJudicial activism was not apparent in the recent Supreme appeal decision even if the decision imposed certain changes in the law being passed. These are omissible results in the exercise of its functions, with the end goal of ensuring the compliance of the laws with the constitution. Table of Contents Introduction. 3 ashes 4 Overview of Supreme Court functions.. 4 National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius. 5 Judicial review 5 Judicial activism. 6 Judicial activism v. Judicial review 7 Conclusion.. 8 References.. ... With this decision, the legislative requirement for Americans to have health insurance by 2012 was upheld. This decision also supported the order to buy health insurance - an individual mandate - as a constitutional application of the legislative taxing power. Majority of the justices ruled that the individual mandate was not an eff ective application of the Congressional handicraft Clause or its Necessary and Proper Clause authority. Majority of the Supreme Court justices also assented to the circumstance that the expansion of the Medicaid was not a valid application of legislative spending power as it illicitly mandates states to accede to the expansion or else lose their Medicaid financial privileges. This decision has been filled with various complications for the ACA and the HCERA, with significant changes in the original mandates passed by Congress. This prompted President Obama, as well as other analysts and interest groups to be cautioned against discriminative policy-making or judicial activism. They further repugn that the actions of the Supreme Court in these suspected cases of judicial activism are tantamount to a violation of the separation of powers. On the other hand, others are quick to argue that the judiciary is appropriately exercising its powers of adjudication, in the valid application of principle of checks and balances. Based on these oppose views, this report card shall discuss whether or not judges should be policy-makers and whether or not the Supreme Court health care decision written by Chief Justice Roberts is an example of judicial activism. This paper will be based on the decision itself, including related news media and think

Applied Case Study report for Transnational Geographies Essay

Applied deterrent example Study report for Transnational Geographies - Essay ExampleAccording to recent estimates 77.9 million Asians reside in polar rives of the world and 215,764,000 people migrated to different parts of the globe in the year 2010 (MPI data, 2012). The figures illustrate the significance of transnational migration and provide the base for numerous question studies. Migration Information Source (MIS) is an integral part of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) that caters to the compilation and assimilation of data collected from different global organizations, government bodies and agencies on migratory trends and statistics. The data collected by the MIS is structured and collated to provide analytical evidence of transnational migration trends. The online tuition resource forms a vital source for education and data on migration movements enabling analysts to provide different perspectives on people movement for improved understanding of migration. The repor ts, data and statistics are entrywayible to journalists, policymakers, researchers and academicians online (MIS website, 2012). Research mise en scene background and overview Global migration has been one of the important aspects driving the economical growth and training of any piece. turn migration in the ancient times was limited to trade and settlement purposes, the modern era defined new grounds for migration and the number of people migrating from one country to another continues to increase (Hamilton and Grieco, 2002). Migration of people from one region to another had immense social, cultural and economic implications. Researchers, academicians and policy makers realized the need to have instant access to migration data for analyzing social development, cultural impacts, and economic growth factors. However, there were very few reliable sources of information available on people migration from one country to another earlier. The need for an easily accessible and rel iable source of data in this context was realized. The MIS was conceived as a part of the MPI, that forms a non-profit organization base in Washington. The goal of the MPI was to deliver sound and accurate data and analysis on migration trends and refugees (Hamilton and Grieco, 2002, p3). The online information service of process was thus conceptualized in the early 2000s to facilitate data collection and analysis of international migration. Numerous research studies on transnational geographies have focused on analyzing migration trends and its influence on social, cultural and economic development of any region. A research article by Radcliffe, Silvey, and Olson (2006) explored the political dimensions of transnational migration and its linkages to religious beliefs, cultural practices and economic development within a region. The paper explores the different perspectives and conclusive evidences offered by numerous research studies in this context. Another research study by Sil vey (2004) seeks to explain the role of States of Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in shaping migratory trends of women between the two countries. A more recent study by Blunt (2007) focused on the inter-linkages existing between the cultural environment of a region and transnational mobility. Faist (2008) in his works on migration and transnational development reflects on how national states structure the transnational spaces in which non-state actors are engaged in cross-border

Apple inc. keeping the 'i' in innovation Case Study

orchard apple tree inc. keeping the i in innovation - Case Study Example every(prenominal) its products have seen tremendous success in the recent decades. However the union focuses mainly on the time out market and is facing a tough time in the gaining revenue through sales of its products. The company although, is one of the top companies selling mobile phones and laptops, there is scope of further improvement in the byplay strategies of the company. Analysis of the internal environment of the company Strengths High tech products orchard apple tree is the pioneer in the labor of innovative high tech products. apple is the inventor and producer of iPhone, iPad, iPod and the Mac. Apple is one among the most value brandmarks in the whole world and holds the 6th position in the list of Fortune 500 companies (OKeefe). all new product launched by the company is awaited fervently. Last year (in 2012) the company had launched the iPhone 5 as well as the iPad mini, which saw tremend ous success. It brought record sales for the company in the last tail assembly of the year and brought huge sales revenue (Akhtar). Charisma of former CEO Steve Jobs Steve Jobs was a charismatic prestidigitator who had a strong admiration towards constant innovation and was a genius leader. Technology, according to Steve Jobs, was a bureau of enhancing communication among people and bringing them together. His personality attracted employees within the company and also fans among the external stakeholders. He had the dexterity to give a new shape to the perceptions of people which at present stimulates their level of acceptance approximately the companys products (Razin and Kark 241). Brand name Apple is a brand name that is globally recognized. This brand has a clear and distinct identity. Any good brand has four dimensions, such as, brand name, trademark, optic appearance and brand communication. All these dimensions can be recognized and identified with the brand Apple. Thi s allows the brand to view as its quality level at a high position, perform better than most other companies in the industry globally and embody those values that help the brand to win its customers admiration, respect and loyalty (Danciu 3). swelled segment of loyal customers This brand success of Apple Inc. has not resulted from some luck factor or forces beyond the control of the companys marketers or its leaders. Apples success is a subroutine of its well-thought-out plan to attract customers. The plan is two-fold the focus lies on innovation as well as merchandise by keeping in minds the preferences of the customer and background of the market in which it makes the campaign. Therefore, a keystone of Apples plan is to deliver strong products and create an Apple culture (12 Effective Strategies Apple Uses to Create Loyal Customers). These strategies help Apple to attract customers and achieve remarkable customer loyalty. Strong search and development department The amount of money spent on the research and development division of Apple has been increased in 2012 from the previous year. The company believes that focused investments in R&D are censorious to its future growth and competitive position in the marketplace (Lowensohn). The R&D of the company is today related to the timely maturity of new products and enhancement of existing products. These are fundamental aspects of the core melodic phrase strategy

Leadership an important but controversial area of Organization Essay

Leadership an important but controversial area of Organization Behaviour - Essay modelFor that matter, the paper will discuss more specifically on the role of leadership as it pertains to the cultivation of a company.Individual alongside group demeanor is mostly affected by a unsubtle variety of variables. However, it doesnt matter what setting the individual in question find themselves in. Irrespective of that, indoors an organization, it is believed that there are many levels that craft behavioural patterns. One of the levels is said to be culture. On the separate hand, management techniques are the other level. The next level is human psychology as well as individual communication. All of this are said to contribute to the development of organizational behaviour. In general, organizational behaviour can be defined as the study of behaviours within a business-oriented organization. The study can in like manner preserve individual employee behaviour. In addition, the study c ould also scrutinize behaviours regarding employees as a whole or even the behaviours of the entire organizational structural team.How different organization guide and also influence behaviour is a multi-layered investigation that could be handled from many angles(DuBrin 2008). Usually, individual behaviours are examined within an organizational environment. On the contrary, the interrogative can also be conducted between co-workers in a defined group. On other occasions, scientists wipe out examined the overarching behaviours that are attributed to the entire organization. The latter included how the organization functions together with its policies as well as ethics. When scientists observe employees behaviours, they can be able to determine the kind of behaviours in a given company. However, the behaviours of employees within a culture are guided by several factors such as ethics and objectives of the company. In addition, development and beliefs can affect the behaviours of a particular organization.To date,

I dont have a specific topic. i want my topic to be something on Research Paper

I dont have a specific government issue. i want my topic to be something on sociol trend - Research Paper ExampleThis paper points out the causes of HIV transmittal among the younker and measures to reduce transmittal in the society. HIV infections not only affect the youth that also the whole nation, as there will be a lack of enough keep up from government to satisfy all their needs, which leads to poor living standards (Opie 291). With the youth, being highest affected and sexually active, the rate of infection is recoil to increase in most of the countries, as the young comprise more than half the state of nations. Child infection at birth is a rampant way in which infection occurs to youths, as most parents do not admit to their statuses and therefore ends up infecting their children (Kapungwe115). Governments are spending lots of tax on health care of HIV infected plenty to provide care and medication. Friedens claims that more than quintette billion dollars used as costs of HIV-positive people among the nations. Governments should increase awareness and incorporate new syllabuses in education systems to cater for these HIV/AIDS control and measure measures. A research done by the CDC researchers in 2010 found that, among the youth aged 18 to 24 years, 65% in every 100, 000 people have HIV, which is an increase from previous researches. In 2010, 82.8% of the new infections were men and with a high possibility of the braw and bisexual men. Afri nates Ameri flowerpots in US have over half of the population infected due to their sexual orientation and their lack of awareness on how to prevent infections. Some causes of these infections seem broad and depends on the background of the infection. Substance abuse and use is a major contributor to the HIV infections. For instance, high work students have been found to use alcohol, tobacco and other drugs which makes them highly vulnerable to engage in defective situations. Drug dependent youths who have run away from homes due to drugs have high risks of infection as they might have unprotected sex for money, drugs, or shelter. These are what are increasing the rate in which infections among the youth in different nations (The, Washington, 2006). In addition, lack of awareness among the youth is another contributor to the infections since a large number of youths are not concerned with protecting themselves. Drug use and abstaining from sex can be a good way for the youth to protect themselves from being infected but the youth requires clear information on HIV and elimination of infections and usage of condoms, and how to negotiate for safer sex. Health messages to the youth can have a great impact in their lives as many end up regretting for not having the familiarity and understanding of how to protect themselves. This thus increases the stigmas such people have. As Brown, Kate, Lea points out , nonpareil of the most surprising elements of AIDS stigma is its ubiquitous na ture even where the epidemic is widespread and impact so many people, such as in sub-Saharan Africa. (51) With this lack of awareness amongst the youth, infections are bound to increase as the some governments are doing less to make the less fortunate aware of these risks and prevention measures (Mwiturubani 157). In most African countries, a bigger percentage do not Have get at to formal education which gives awareness of current issues and many youths do not have the general knowledge of infections and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Unemployment among the

Gun Control In America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

petrol Control In America - Essay ExampleHowever, it has also been viewed that most of the flock living at heart the country prefers keeping gun as a safety measure to avoid any such critical situations, which directly relates with the life of people (World Health Organization, 2002). Thesis Statement The main objective of this show is to provide a valid argument regarding Gun control in America. This paper intends to describe somewhat the implementation of gun policies in spite of appearance America to control the rising crime resulting from possession of gun by the park people within the country. Additionally, the paper also contains supporting statement made by umteen critics. Discussion In-favor The topic of gun control has been in debate amongst many a(prenominal) critics, as it has been viewed that the crime ramble resulting from possession of gun has risen to a great extent. The violence resulting from possession of firearms in the United States is easily high, as compare to other developed countries. However, the recent increase in the crime rate has lastingness the government to implement new laws that restricts certain categories of individuals from possessing firearm as a safety measure. ... rior to the mass pip on August 5, 2012, a 40 years old individual who worked with the U.S army was found ingress a Sikh temple and committed a mass shooting resulting in death of 6 people and 3 critically wounded. Furthermore, it has been mentioned that one of the individual whom the offender allegedly shot several generation was a police officer. Later, it was found that Wade Page the offender legally bought the guns from a registered ammunition fink located in West Allis, Wisconsin through cash payment (Krouse, 2012). Against Although, it has been observed that there exist many situations, where the use of gun has been illegally used causing harm to the general public. But in a country were crime rates are increasing at a rapid speed, it has be en ascertained that people prefer keeping gun as a safety measure as it helps them to be secured in situations such as robbery, theft and rape among others. For instance, according to a survey conducted in 1993 amid 4977 families showed that 0.5% of the total quash of people used gun for defensing themselves. They also stated that using gun was needed otherwise they would apply been killed by the offender. Additionally, on the basis of another survey being conducted in the year 1994, it was revealed that the people in general use gun to frighten away invaders who breaks into their houses almost 498,000 times per year. Furthermore, it has been estimated that in the year 2009, the country had a total population of 307 million people out of which almost 300 million of the civilians owned firearms within the country (Peaceful Americans against War, Violence and Gun Proliferation PAC, 2010). The aforementioned facts and figures contradict the control of arms and ammunition by the comm on people within U.S.A. Three to Four Pieces of

The Importance of Accounting Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Importance of Accounting - explore Paper ExampleThere argon numerous significances of accounting, which must be accompanied by experience on how to perform this activity appropriately. Accounting is also crucial since it assists in ensuring pecuniary accountability in a moneymaking(prenominal) mental institution. However, there are individuals that have a different ideology that descendes the significance of accounting. These individuals draw the notion that accounting is not as significant as most scholars might insist. The advocates of this notion point different rationales for their argument. Amongst other produceions, there is a claim that conventional record keeping styles are overaged due to technological developments. Therefore, the advocates of this notion conclude that accounting is an extremely complex subroutine that wastes an organizations resources. The main controversy surrounding the issues of the significance of accounting is about the methodology to a pply for thorough accountability. more or less individuals are advocates of the generally accepted accounting principles structure, but there are trends that lead to questioning of whether this technique is all-inclusive. The preliminary conclude of accounting is to document transactions in a commercial institution. This comprises documentation of the received and outgoing funds. This procedure has to be undertaken accurately and in adherence to the GAAP regulations. However, some individuals are abandoning commonplace financial statements. These individuals assert that there are other techniques for analyzing data, even in massive magnitudes. These novel techniques of data evaluation diminish the significance of standard financial accounts. Moreover, these ideologies are due to augmenting disparity between users desires and what the standard records avail. Furthermore, there are assertions that the procedure of accounting is intricate especially for minute organizations and hence , insignificant. This discourse is an evaluation of varying ideologies on the significance of accounting. It also explores why standardized accounting is extremely crucial to an organization despite the trends to this regard. The utilization of the GAAP structure in the financial recording is the preliminary aspect of forecasting, controlling and financial deliberation. Most commercial institutions have an accounts section that utilizes GAAPs to give details relating to the prevailing and future financial circumstances of the institution. Consequently, the deliberation procedures regarding the institutions projects become effortless. The institutions which utilize appropriate accounting practices are extremely competitive when contrasted with other organizations that utilize substandard practices. Moreover, proper accounting assists in determining the opportunities that an organization should seize in accordance with its financial situation (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2011). More over, the advocates of GAAP structure continue to assert that accounting is significant since, through this recording, there is unaffixed detection of corruption. This documentation also aids in the acquisition of funds from commercial organizations.

Cisco Case Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cisco sideslip Analysis - Research Paper ExampleAs per the 2010 caller-up data, Cisco employed over 60,000 people and earned annual revenue of US$ 40 billion. Despite the adversities of 2009 global financial crisis, the company trunk an attractive investment option for global investors.Networking effort comprises of a number of great players like IBM. Therefore, the mark of competitive rivalry is very high in this sector. In addition, threat of substitutes is also high in networking industry since majority of the networking equipment is substitutable. However, the industry is less affected with the threat of new entrants because entry cost is huge in the networking sector. Evidently, supplier has less bargaining power over networking companies as there are a large number of potential suppliers. Although there are numerous potential suppliers, companies rarely opt to channelise their suppliers because of high switching cost. At the similar time, buyer power is relatively high in the networking industry since modern customers are well informed of the prevailing market prices and increased provider options. Hence, the Porters five forces depth psychology indicates that the networking industrys external environment does not offer potential opportunities to Cisco.The Cisco was founded in 1984 by two Stanford computer scientists, and the company was made public in 1990. As Nolan (2005) reports, from the beginning, the company concentrated to run the dramatically growing networkworking market. In 1997, Cisco was included in the top five companies listed by result 500 on the basis of return on revenues and return on assets. In the following year, the companys market capitalization crossed $100 billion mark. The company overtook Microsoft in 2000. In the same year, some surveys reflected that Cisco products play a role in more than 75% of all internet traffic. Mission statement of Cisco is shape the future of the

Henry V Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Henry V - Essay ExampleHenry V grossed 10 million dollars in the United States. Branagh was nominated for Oscar for Best Director and Best Actor in a Leading Role Phyllis Dalton won the British Academy A ward and Oscar for Best Costume Design. The soundtrack to the movie by Patrick Doyle is noteworthy it is became known on its own. The film besides received other awards such as European Film Awards and awards from the National Board of Review and the New York Film Critics Circle. The movie tells the story of the young poof of England Henry V. He, being stirred by high church officials and advisors is contemplating to start a war with France on the ground of claims for the thr nonpareil of France. At the time when the office is talked into the war, he is also insulted by the King of France. french think of Henry as of a young boy they have no reasons to be terror-stricken of, so the Dauphine of France sends him tennis balls as a royal gift. King Henry seizes the opportunity for a war as a chance to change his image and to live up to expectations of his people, so he leads his array into battles against France. He has to deal with treason, lack of supply and exhaustion of his soldiers, their morale lowering. He is a good commanding officer of his army, loved by his soldiers, firm and cruel with those, who break the law and noble in his interactions with French. He also has to face his own uncertainties and find strength in communion with God. The culmination of the war is the Battle of Agincourt, won by handful of English man compared to the large French army. Then, the treaty is signed between England and French, and King Henry woos princes Katherine into marriage. Henry V is considered to be one of the most historically accurate movies ever filmed. However, at that place are a few inconsistencies. The source of historical information for Shakespeares play was the Chronicles of English tale written by Raphael Holinshed. But, to create a dramatic and int riguing story, authors had to take liberty and change several(prenominal) of the details, albeit, not significant. The events, portrayed in the movie, took place in 1415. The film presents accounts of only a portion of a long lasting unresolved conflict between France and England, known as the Hundred Years War. The beginnings, origins and causes of the brawl were very complex, but the reason for an open conflict was the argument over the rich and beautiful French territory of Gascony. According to the play and the movie, the immediate cause of the war was Henrys claim to the French throne. However, the claim to the French throne was made earlier than that. The French king Philip VI made an unplaced attempt to retake Gascony, but the defeat of the Scottish uprising in the battle of Halidon Hill literally crossed out all his plans. Embarrassed and humiliated, he decided to eliminate all English cast from the territory of France. After scouting English settlements on the English C hannel, he gathered enough courage to challenge English authority. In retaliation, King Edward claimed that he was de facto the legitimate heir to the throne of France. Phillip, of course, was furious by this proud claim and formally declared war to England. So Henry V was not the one who made the allegation to the French throne he only continued the demand of his ancestor, Edward, which began the war in the first place. Also, the movie shows the two nations supposedly living in peace with

Industry Analysis on Food Lion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Industry Analysis on provender social lion - look for Paper Example13 Publix tops(predicate) Markets, Inc. 13 Publix Super Markets, Inc. 13 Publix Super Markets, Inc. 13 Publix Super Markets, Inc. 14 Publix Super Markets, Inc. 14 Publix Super Markets, Inc. 14 24398/(193406-117645) 14 Publix Super Markets, Inc. 14 2302/ (12278-2149) =22.7% 14 23538/(180782-109535) 14 Publix Super Markets, Inc. 14 22118/() 14 Publix Super Markets, Inc. 14 Stock Analysis 15 In 2012 Food lion fetched $46.69 per share as the highest stock wrong in that year while in 2013 with alone a few months into the New Year, the telephoner has managed to trade as a high of $56.51 this evident harvesting in share price has been made possible by the good quarter one results and the effectiveness in the retail industry in America. After suffering years of image smear adjacent the undercover report by ABC News year ago, investors and customers alike give birth totally regained trustingness in the ability of Food Lion as a retailer. The companys stock is anticipate to rise by double digit percentages by the end of 2013. 15 External Analysis 16 Internal Analysis 20 Recommendations 23 It is axiomatic to squabble that Food Lion LLC is one of the largest supermarkets bondage in the United States. The company is currently run more than 1200 stores across the country (Anderson, Sweeney& Williams, 2009). The company is operating in an environment that is intended to serve its clients. The companys grocery chains have been ever-changing its strategy to see an upsurge in their profits. Through the cutting out of its overhead the company has been in a position to offer affordable and low prices to its consumers and still manage to remain profitable and argue well with other big rigids. Food Lion has faced additiond competition in the prehistorical forcing it to reduce the number of workforce and closing of some of the stores spread across 11 states in the country. It has in like manner re vitalized the grocery shopping experience through the introduction of the Bloom concept which is intended to grant a peculiar convectional layout and also competitive prices. Despite serious competition the company has been facing, it has managed to exponentially increase its sales. The firms sales are backed by a MVP Card which is issued to any client who intends to have it. It has currently added butcher departments, pharmacies bakery departments, deli departments and also fresh seafood departments so as to favorably manage with other major firms. The discussion in this paper will analyze the operations in the company taking into consideration the firms competitors, internal and external operations, financial performance and analysis and the firms future projections. This will finally lead us into drawing a conclusion and recommendations to hold back the better performance of Food Lion. Current Situation During the first half of the 21st century, Food Lion was continuously invo lved in various food experiments with different formats, creating its own brand of ice mosh which is low fat, remodeling of a number of stores, and opening of in- store pharmacies. Despite a number of challenges that the firm has been facing, it has general managed to prosper. The firm has considered satisfying clients as the major source of their strength. It has managed to give its customers on real one remain shopping experience. A microscopic look and analysis of the firm indicates that their main strength is their low price tags. This gives them a competitive edge against their

Business Studies Case Study on a Music Industry (With Diagrams) Essay Example for Free

Business Studies Case Study on a Music Industry (With Diagrams) EssayBenny, a class 9 boy who excelled in the art of singing wanted to make use of his archaic talent and raise money for his future education. He set up a small period business with 2 of his friends to raise money, as he was very poor. One of his friends Sam decided to keep accounts as he was skilled at Maths and had a good understanding of what price to set. some other of his friends Josh was in charge of building personal relations with some consumers to enhance sales as he had excellent persuasions and people skills. All three of them thought about diffe hold marketing strategies. They conducted look and found* This was a gap in the market as there are few smart child singers going public* Most of the people in their class were willing to buy the CD at a reasonable price, his juniors and seniors were also willing to buy,* There would be an excitement about the record record phonograph phonograph album only for he first few weeks as the three of them had built considerable hype for the entry of the event,* Knowing Benny personally helped as people knew that they could associate and comment on his album, selling the album anywhere else would not earn enough.* They would need to add a lot more value to the album like adding a live video of Benny singing and dancing and a virtually DJ mixed song.They calculated the cost of making one CD* They had to pay a monthly rent of Rs 10,000 for the recording studio apartment for one month but due to lack of funds the owner of studio allowed them to pay 50% after 4 months* Printing the cover page of the CD- 5 Rupees* Cost of exonerate CD 15 Rupees* Cover of the CD 10 Rupees* Other Rs. 5000 per monthThey did not think that they could do all the work themselves and hence employed 20 members of their class and promised to pay them 100 Rupees if they managed to sell 20 CDs each per month. They worked under the sales department.The album was la unched in January and Sam decided to sell each CD for a cost of 99 Rupees. The first month the 3 of them sold only in their instruct and to their close friends and were able to sell 500 CDs in cash while another 250 were sold in recognition.The next month the 3 of them decide to go outside school after taking guest feedback through questionnaires, interviews and observations and improving the mistakes they made in the album. Then they decided to market the CD throughout Mumbai and were promoted and sponsored by planet M, as Planet M is a well known music shop which supercharged 10000 per month for advertising. Every week on a Saturday, which is statistically Planet Ms day with the most footfalls, a special promotion took place where Benny sang live in the store. Planet M also advertised this in the Rolling Stones Magazine and newspaper.Benny became an instant hit and at the end of the year they sold 1000 CDs per month in cash and 500 CDs in credit that was to be paid by the nex t month. Now Benny and his friends have decided to sell the rights of the album to Tips Industry limited for 500,000 so that they could sell whole over India. They took this step as there placard exams were approaching but as per the contract Benny has to perform about 1 stage turn up per month all over India and gets 10,000 Rupees for doing so.

Contract and Procurement Essay Example for Free

Contract and Procurement probeContract and procurance are imperative operations that should be d wiz appropriately for the success of an organization. to a greater extent often than not, people who are in judge of procurement do take these activities less poorly (MOLENAAR, 2007). Due to such concern most institutions have put in place stringent measures that go through wholly the procurement consummations. In addition to that, people should be employed to be responsible for this calling according to the policies of many institutions should be highly trained (MOSEY, 2009). This sudden change that has taken place in many companies and organizations has real improved the output of the department of procurement hence most activities run swimmingly as scheduled. The directors of the department of procurement partly determine the success or the failure of a hurl that is undergoing.Therefore, the double-deckers of looks work very closely with the procurement incumbents to ensure that everything that is required is provided whenever its need arises. It is significant that, there exists a good relationship between the project film directors and the procurement officers (MOSEY, 2009). If that is not the case, then there shall be contradicting ideas that leave behind jeopardize the progress of the project. It is worth noting that, the duties and responsibilities of the procurement officers vary in accordance with the structure of an organization. This shows that, different procurement divisions have got structures which are designed to make vigilance coordination and monitoring. This arrangement is imperative in improvement of the capability of the procurement activities. As aforementioned, the project manager should coordinate the transaction in collaboration with procurement manager to acquire all the requirements. The transactions which are carried out to achieve this are done under the recitation of the set policies, rules and regulations (BOWER , 2003).The rules and regulations set by the institution to ensure that the activities are carried out in harmony within all the departments that exist in a company. Unlike in the past, procurement process has dynamically changed and embodied more activities. It only used to involve acquire of goods and services required, but that is not the case directly (MOSEY, 2009). In procurement planning is done first. It determines whether to purchase a granted goodness and if it should be bought the agency it should be bought and quantity to be supplied. After this, reliable and potential supplies are determined, and contracts made with to supply the goods enjoin (MOLENAAR, 2007). Before a contract is signed, thorough scrutiny is done by evaluating the proposals of the shortlisted vendors and interviews conducted to select the one that is scarce in offering those services and goods. After that, the one that emerges the best is awarded the contract.Supervision of the supply is done b y the procurement office. Procurement process gives support to the internal activities that are done within an organization. The operations served acknowledge management, production and marketing services. It supports all the processes, infrastructure and systems required by the projects. In other the dimension, a procurement body that is independent and separate provides all the things required by the project on a transaction basis (BOWER, 2003). In this case, the director of the project gives a list of things which are required and the procurement officer buys and coordinates the goods until they reach at the company to be used. In either organizational structure, the procurement manager is relate in generating and managing the operational transactions and the linkage that exists between all the stakeholders of the project.This relationship that is created by the procurement manager exists in the whole procurement cycle period (MOSEY, 2009). The relationship between procurement professionals and the project management team is significant in that it creates a better environment for cross functional participation of all stakeholders. Moreover, it enables the procurement department to produce the best services to the project (DINSMORE CABANIS-BREWIN, 2011). Therefore, for the procurement office to fit flop in the organization it must be surface acquitted with the management strategies of the project. In a project based organization, there are about five general steps of procurement. Foremost, in collaboration with management, the procurement office should determine the requirements of the project.After determining what the requirements, the supplier is selected, who in agreement with project managers and the procurement professionals is given a contract to supply goods and services. The procurement department supervises and conducts routine assessment on the performance of the supplier until the contract ends (DINSMORE CABANIS-BREWIN, 2011). In centraliz ed corporate management, there is an interaction between the principal stakeholders the corporate purchasing coordination team, the chief executive officer, the chief purchasing officer, the managers of the business units and the purchasers of the business unit (SANKAR RAU, 2006).All of them have well defined roles and responsibilities in the procurement process. Most companies use formal organizational mechanisms like working groups and commodity teams, non-formal mechanisms of networking like employing competent people and initiating development programs, advanced systems of communication and use of complex management strategies (PENFIELD, 2010). In the centralized business unit procurement, the business units operate autonomously despite the fact that they are under one enterprise. The business unit creates a procurement order ships it to another business unit for supplier. Proper report records are kept to show the financial transactions between the two business units (SANKAR RAU, 2006).ReferencesBOWER, D. (2003). Management of procurement. London, doubting Thomas Telford. DINSMORE, P. C., CABANIS-BREWIN, J. (2011). The AMA handbook of project management. stark naked York, American Management Association MOLENAAR, K. R. (2007). Alternative project delivery, procurement, and contracting methods for highways. Reston, American Society of Civil Engineers. PENFIELD, P. C. (2010). A primer on negotiating corporate purchase contracts. New York, N.Y. (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017), Business Expert Press SANKAR, C. S., RAU, K.-H. (2006). Implementation strategies for SAP R/3 in a international organization lessons from a real-world case study. Hershey, Pennsylvania, CyberTech. MOSEY, D. (2009). Early Contractor Involvement in Building Procurement Contracts, Partnering and take to Management. Chichester, John Wiley Sons.

Health and Safety Gap Analysis Essay Example for Free

Health and arctic Gap Analysis Essay1. hurly burly Analysis and GANT chart.This was a good start and gave us something to aim for. We have made some progress but non enough. It didnt really tackle the serious issues and had a poor starting point in the GAP analysis (should have been a risk assessment). Many initiatives have failed due to poor information arise and get laidment commitment.2. Management buy-inNot enough support from all Managers at all levels. We are alike picky was a common phrase heard, IOSH guidance on Safety management systems states that Managers need to manage health and safety issues effectively, no matter how busy they are and whatever their workload. E.g., Kev too busy for trainingAlex all sorts of issuesDavid very goodNo action on recommendations.Heath and safety is seen as a secondary business activity, not as a primary consideration. Everyone has suggestions to improve health and Safety at Barfoots but most are not willing to take action when re quired. Low attendance at the committee meetings, I feel as though they are a waste of succession3. Health and safety committeeNothing is ever sorted out as there is poor attendanceI would suggest forming a new committee formed by safety representatives from severally area of the business. Safety reps would need training in health and safety and allowed time to discharge their duties.4. My portionHeath and safety management is not just about one person, but about the integral organisation working towards a common goal, the reduction of accidents and incidents. At the moment all of this has been put on me. I sometimes feel conf apply as to what action to take next.Because people disregard actions I find it hard to keep track of what needs to be done. I am sometimes used as a backup because no one else is there at the time. IE water jug, signs, and so on What authority do I have?I need to spend more time on policy, organization and auditing than I do and less time on the daily management of the process.i. Fire proceduresii. expatiateiii. Delivering and maintaining proceduresiv. First aidv. Chasing up managersNot suitably measure up, NEBOSH1-2 years2300- 5000We are now a multi site business growing rapidly. My skills need to grow with it. MHSWR 99 requires that every employer shall appoint one or more competent persons to assist and advise on health and safety. I nave taken advice which suggested that I should be qualified to NEBOSH level. Syllabus is based around the development and implementation of a OSHMS in a company. Potentially lessen costs in terms of outsourced services, Fire survey, noise survey etc. It will mean that I have accountability as written in my job description.Who do I report to and is that the properly person?5. OSHMSWe set out with a list of goals and have achieved some but not others. The commencement exercise goal should have been the establishment of a an OSHMS in order to create a structure to bring up everything else off . There are a number of options for OSHMS all of them based on the Plan Do microprocessor chip Act principle PDCAHSG65BS 8800OHSAS 18001ILOHSG65 Is the HSEs OSHMS and states if you do follow the guidance you will normally be doing enough to comply with the law We can audit against an OSHMS and set performance targets.

Hitlers rule Essay Example for Free

Hitlers rule Es secernateHowever, historian Geoff Layton appears to disagree. He states that Although the idea of national socialistsm as a form of totalitarianism held great s authority in the 1950s, such a view is not outright so readily accepted. However, he as comfortably said that there emerged in the SS an organisation which was the mainstay of the third gear Reich which would supports the view that force was the main factor in keeping the Nazi troupe in power.This taste intends to analyse the significance of force as a tool to stay n power, through their excogitation of a Police State, the reformation of the German Courts as well as their elimination of both remote and internal grademental op bewilder and their indoctrination of the German youth. It will also be necessary to analyse the various(a) other factors which were employed by the Nazi Party between 1931 and 1939 such as control of the economy. of import to the forceful methods the Nazi Party used was undoubtedly their creation of a Police State.The SS, or Schutzstaffeln, was organize in 1925 as an elite bodyguard, due to Hitlers uncertainty regarding the loyalty f the SA, or Sturmabteilung. The SS had several functions, the foremost of these being as an internal security service. The SS police, the SD, worked in conjunction with the Gestapo to perform arrests and often interrogations by way of torture, and murder on citizens who were viewed as opponents of the governing. A separate sector, the Totenkopfverbande, or Deaths-head Unit, had the duty of guarding the concentration camps.The concentration camps were ab initio created in 1933 to hold governmental prisoners and opponents. The SS also provided elite troops who were fanatically loyal o the F?hrer to fght alongside the Wehrmacht. This meant that Ger galore(postnominal), and more significantly, the Nazi Party, always had supporters in the army, meaning they were highly unlikely to face mutiny. Crucially, the SS were al so in charge of the genocide against Jews, and this was superchargeed by their status as an example of racial purity. The Police brass of Nazi Germany was extremely well organised, though it had many branches and subsections.Initially split into the SS and the Police, there were several further splits. The Police consisted of, of course, the weak Police, however, this also onsisted of the Security Police, chthonic which fell the Criminal Police and, more significantly, the policy-making Police, or Gestapo. It is no secret that the regime used extreme cruelty as a factor of policing, and in fact, Hermann Goring stated that men who used firearms in their duty would bene play off from his protection, as well as saying that those who failed in this duty would be punished.In 1936, all of the police powers were united under Heinrich Himmler as Chief of Police. This police force was answerable only to Hitler himself and as such, had considerable powers. It was, ssentially, above th e law, as its actions were not open to review by the These extensive powers placed the Gestapo in a strong position of almost boundless authority. If there was any doubt regarding a persons loyalty or ability to fit into the Nazi regime, the Gestapo could punish them as they saw fit. To go against the Party was almost always fatal, and this certainly contributed to the let out profile kept by many anti-Nazis.Alongside this went the atmosphere of fear which was prevalent in Nazi Germany. The country under Nazi rule was permeated with Nazi spies and nformers, making it almost impossible to talk openly for fear of being overheard and harshly punished for any oppositional views. In this way, much of the potential opposition to the Nazi regime was suppressed, as it was extremely difficult to share any oppositional views. As such, little opposition was expressed, and this feeling was further abetted by the terrible punishments of torture, interrogation and murder which were performed o n those citizens who became outspoken.It is also possible to see how out-of-the-way(prenominal) the influence of the SS extended, as historian Andrew Boxer explains that he network of concentration camps became the basis of a great SS economic empire controlling enterprises involved in quarrying, brick-making, forestry, clothing, furniture and even soft drinks. The SS in itself was far more than a barbaric police division it was an institution. This is supported by historian Geoff Layton, who says that the SD system not only preserved the Nazi regime by its brutal and repressive policies of law enforcement, but gradually extended its influence into the vital areas of military and economic affairs.In this way it became the key interest base in the Third Reich. However, the power of the SS would have been greatly reduced were it not for the reformation of the German courts. The system known as Independence of the Judiciary requires that the Judicial system is not influenced by p olitics or the Government, so as to prevent the Government from persecuting opponents through the Justice system. However, in 1933-4, all anti-Nazi and Jewish settle were sacked to ensure verdicts were in keeping with Nazi ideology.Judges who were thought to have een too sonant or to have misconducted trials were severely admonished, and in some cases, Hitler was known to correct sentences. From 1934, cases of treason were transferred to Peoples Courts which were run by Nazi Judges. This meant, of course, that opponents could be dealt with without any semblance to genuine law. By 1935, people could be tried for Acts opponent to the National Community without having violated any written law. This essentially meant that the Nazis could punish anyone beneath the guise of a legal procedure.People could also be convicted as enemies of the state as a result of their racial origins or their mentality hostile to the state. Two particular concepts were also created, known as protective work force and preventive arrest, which were used to Justify the detention of people who had completed their sentences or who had been acquitted by the regular court. These violations of the Judicial system allowed for the removal of any known or suspected opponents, which helped to secure the Nazi rule. The political measures taken by the Party must also be taken into consideration.Firstly, it is necessary to examine the olitical events remote the party which helped the Nazis to keep power. A political coup for the Nazis was the Reichstag fire of 1933. This destroyed the Parliamentary building and was diabolic on a young, Dutch Communist named Marinus van der Lubbe. The man was of questionable sanity and was possibly close in however the German Communists, including leaders of the German Communist Party on grounds of conspiracy to give a putsch. This meant that the Nazis managed to increase their share of the vote significantly.In the 1933 election, the rules were significantly bent o favour the Nazis, and the supply of the State was turned against anti-Nazi parties, as the left-wing parties were disadvantaged. Once the Nazi Party was in power, the next stair in their political domination was the elimination of any remaining political opposition. The KPD and SPD, both left-wing parties, were banned, and many other parties dissolved themselves. In March 1933, the Nazi Party successfully campaigned for the Enabling Act, which would allow Hitler to govern for four years without consulting the Reichstag.However, at the time of the proposal, the SS were present, hus presenting a distinct threat to those who may vote against it. This was another(prenominal) step along the road to a dictatorship. As of July 1933, a law was passed which stated that the Nazi Party was the only party in the Reich. This meant that there was no other option for the people of Germany. There were no longer any other political parties to replace the Nazis, so the Nazis remained in pow er. To quote historian Andrew Boxer, German democracy had been destroyed in less than six months. Another central aspect of this internal political change was undoubtedly the Night of he Long Knives, on the 30thof June 1934. This was an internal purge of members of the SA, as Hitler saw them as, in short, too independent. SS men shot around 400 people, including Ernst Rohm, the leader of the SA, and several other superior members. This asserted Hitlers power within the Party, making the Nazi Party inevitably stronger from the inside, as Hitler had removed those whom he suspected may be potentially disloyal, or even simply too free-thinking.The Nazi regime was irrefutably strengthened by the indoctrination of the German youth. Hitler clearly aw the significance of loyal, Nazi youth, saying in a patois in November of 1933 When an opponent declares, l will not come over to your side, l calmly say Your child belongs to us already What are you? You will pass on. Your descendants, howev er, now stand in the sunrise(prenominal) camp. In a short time they will know nothing else but this new community. This was, though chilling, certainly true, and great focus was placed on youth policy.

The History of Ethnicity and Educational Attainment Essay Example for Free

The History of Ethnicity and Educational Attainment demonstrateIn 1945 the UK needed speedy rebuilding, both structurally and in population re-growth. After the Second domain of a function War the UKs population was virtually non-existent, with most males having died in the war, which meant that there were not enough people just about to rebuild the country. This resulted in an economic boom with more jobs than people in the country at the time, and at the same time the UK was still managing her Empire in India and the Caribbean. By the 1950s there was a rapid increase in the technological industry, yet the UK was rapidly falling behind europium technologically and was dread(a) to increase their technological market. The UK soon realised that they could not afford and Empire and the rapid technological ontogenesis needed to rival the market of the rest of Europe, so the decision was made to create the Immigration Policy. Afro-Caribbean immigrants were the for the first time coloured people to arrive in the UK and were lured there by the promise of housing, employment and education, but what they tack when they arrived in the UK was discrimination in housing, schooling and employment, especially in the types of jobs the immigrants were permitted to fulfil, i.e. they could work however in jobs much(prenominal) as bus drivers and underground attendants save the lower status (IV class) non-skilled, manual jobs. Again, in the 1970s, the Consumer revolution leads to the inlet of new food and fashion types and the South Afri faeces immigration, the UK accepted all the Indian, Pakistani and Ugandan immigrants as cheap labour forces, for as long as the economic boom continues. But in the mid-eighties an economic recession began meaning that unemployment increases due to the lack of goods being sold abroad.The economic recession impact everybody in the UK, but especially the immigrant groups, as they were the first employees to be set off. This was beca use the immigrants were hired by industries as periphery workers these workers are the ones to be drafted in during economic boom periods but are then laid off when a company slump occurs. There was also discrimination in the education of cultural minority children.Education insurance policy went through three distinct phases, assimilation, multiculturalism, and anti-racist. Assimilation, during 1945 to the early 1970s, was the educational policy that meant everyone ingress the UK must be made British the curriculum taught only white versions of history, European geography only centring on the British empire, British religions and cultures taught in RE and second language students were sent to special take units to learn English.The next policy to be put into affect during the late 1970s until the mid-1980s was Multiculturalism, or the acknowledging of others, this policy made an effort to include other socialities by having special days and events to celebrate other cultures o n a 1-day basis and made a step towards breaking down cultural barriers.This policy was oftentimes referred to as a steel band, sari and samara education only as it gave a 1-day brainstorm into other cultures but then went back to teaching about Britain and white history, customs, etc. The last and sure policy is that of Anti-Racist education with the aim to attack inequality and racism, reflect everybody equally, and to eradicate Euro centrism the idea that Europe is at the heart of everything that happens in the world.The curriculum has also changed to reflect world history, geography, languages, religions and cultures. Statistics to show attainment of 5 or more A*-C grades by ethnic origin between 1989-2000, released by the UK Government plane section of Education and Skills give a clear picture of the educational attainment of White, Black, Asiatic (all), Asian (Indian), Asian (Pakistani), Asian (Bangladeshi), Asian (other including Chinese), and any other ethnic groups.T he trend between 1994 and 2000, however, shows that almost all ethnic groups have steadily increased their attainment of A*-C grades. The Asian category, however, differs greatly within itself with the different minorities gain very different results with the different Asian groups holding both the highest and lowest achievers of 5 A*-C grades.We can see this in the statistics released by the Government, these show that Asian (other including Chinese) are the highest achievers of 5 A*-C grades between 1992 (when the selective information became available) and 2000 with 72 grade achievers in 2000 whilst Asian (Pakistani), Asian (Bangladeshi) and Black groups are the lowest achievers throughout with only 29/30 grade achievers in the year 2000. Showing that the initial views that ethnic minorities are intellectually inferior to whites is completely unsubstantiated and are, in many cases, more likely to achieve the 5 A*-C grades than the whites themselves are.

Children of a Lesser God Essay Example for Free

Children of a Lesser God EssayThis film is based on a phase angle play of the same title. It tells about James Leeds, a man who teaches children with special needs in a school for the deaf and those who are hard of hearing. He is a devoted and inventive teacher who shows a deep compassion for his students, applying teaching methods he could think of just to loss leader out the interest of his students to learn, do more and accomplish things to the fullest of their capacity. James meets and falls in love with Sarah Norman, a beautiful woman who kit and boodle for the same school and has been deaf since she was a baby. At first Sarah avoids James until he is able to draw her out from her shell and eventually he is able to convince her to live together. Sarah is full of bitterness, hurt and an another(prenominal)(prenominal) emotional scars over the mistreatment she experienced while she was growing up because of her impairment and this jeopardizes their relationship. Sarah has to come to terms with her in-person issues and needs to feel that she is an independent woman.In due course, they are able to settle things amidst the difficulties they come across in talk. The movie made me realize the significance of communication among people and people who have communication disorders should be given special attention in order for them to be heard. Even individuals who are richly capacitated physically have a hard time in getting messages understood. I just bank that there will be more teachers like James Leeds in this world who loves what he does and changes the lives of other people.The movie, which focuses mostly on the hearing impaired, is very much relevant to this course. It gives us the glimpse of how they live and peel to be understood and to understand others. It portrays the complexity of their lives and helps us appreciate how difficult things are for them and moves us to do something for them.WORKS CITED Children of a Lesser God. Dir. Randa Hai nes. Perfs. William Hurt, Marlee Matlin, Piper Laurie, Phillip Bosco. VCD. Paramount Pictures, 1986.

Stereotypes in Modern World Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes in Modern World EssayThe stereotype that all is well at the time which exists in our society is one of the most stable. According to this stereotype, the aver sea countersign citizen of Kazakhstan should desist school no later than 18 years old, finish the university at least at the age of 30, to begin his own adult life and leave the call forthal care at somewhere close to 22 years, to start a family and book children in the range of 25 to 35 years old, go to retirement at the age of 58 (women) and 63 (for men). According to this stereotype in Kazakhstan, the daughter should be married and go to anticipate in the house of her husband at 25 years, and the eldest son must always live in his parents house even being married. The rest of children daughters and sons should also live their parents house and live separately. There is a nonher old custom of giving the eldest child to parent for upbringing. But it is used less and less nowadays.Social clock is tickin g all the time in collective unconscious in the subconscious of every person. M both women over 25 may have psychological complexes due to, for example, that they are still not married. Young people, not enrolled to study in mellowed school, worry about that they get out not have enough time to pop out higher teaching until they are 30. Maybe all this stereotypes have some biological reasons related with philosophy the most optimum time for the first childbearing for women is the age before 30. After this age the childbearing can communicate with some complications. Young parents have more than chances to bring up their offspring and to see their grandchildren, and be affect in their education.And parents will not burden their adult children with the care of themselves (parents), when its a time for them (children) to take in a career. In addition, they will be born healthier children. Scientists have shown that the older parents have more chances to have children born with Down syndrome. At last it is not very good to stay beneath the roof of paternal house, because it is fraught with possible conflicts of generations. But it also happens that people are pleased to bypass stereotypes. And then we find out in the news that the 80-year-old man became a student at the university or that an elderly woman in retirement, because of her love to music, went to the music school to fulfill the dream of her lifetime to peck to play the piano.Perhaps previously she had no time to do that, because she had to make a living and remonstrate a family. More lots modern Kazakh girls break stereotypes. They are not in hurry to get married and put it off to times up to 40 years, because they want to get married not for public flavor, but in case of real love. They know all the risks, but hope for the best, and often their expectations are met. If you want to know my opinion I would say that Im strongly against any stereotypes imposed by social clock, and I think tha t everyone should tune this clock according to their own opinion and write the script of their lives themselves. Writer and philosopher Voltaire once said, Best of all to do things, that in the opinion of others, you will never be able to do. And I absolutely agree with that

Development levels and record Essay Example for Free

Development levels and record demonstrateTo observe Lydia during a creative choosing session. I will try to observe her development levels and record how she interacts with other children and the adults around her.SettingThe primary school, in which I am working in, is situated on a campus with a sports centre, a community school and a 6th form college. It has 6 junior classes and 3 infant classes. There is a class room assistant and a t severallyer for each class. On a Thursday and a Friday on that point atomic number 18 2 students working in the infants. There are a various number of parent helpers in on unlike days of the week. Lydia is 6 long time 11mths old and is in yr. 2. She has just completed her SATS. She is in the 1st (higher) serve for math and in the second (middle) set for literacy. She has many friends and enjoys school, learning new things.Lydia has 3 friends who she usu whollyy plays with and works with in class. They are any girls and all in year 2. Hanna h, Shannell Erica and Lydia always do the same activity even if they dont all agree. English is Shannells second language and she sometimes has trouble with the language barrier between the girls in the group. I will observe Lydia on the 27th of July 2002 for 45mins during a creative choosing session. There are several activities set up in the class rooms and the children may choose which activity they wish to participate in. nearly of these activities include caying, drawing, junk models and collage work.ObservationI will make notes during my observation, then copy it up into a written report.Lydia heads straight for the art table at the far end of the classroom where a word picture session has been set up. Her and many of the yr2 girls start collecting sheets of paper. Lydia, Hannah, Erica and Shannell ask me what they can paint as I sit down at the end of the table. I suggest that they draw each other. So the girls pair up.Hannah and Lydia start to paint Shannell and Erica. Ly dia looks closely at Ericas features and tries to copy down all the details. She notes the freckles, the dimples the runty earrings and the way her hair is put up. She miss judges the size of Ericas nose and as a military issue the picture looks out of place. She mixes up the colour to fill in for Ericas skin tone. Erica sits slightly impatiently fidgeting slightly. Lydia still concentrates on the painting and ignores Erica impatience and continues to concentrate ambitious on the colour mixing. I ask her some questions.Lydia, what colours make green?Thats easy, you just mix blue with yellow that you have to put yellow in first cause blue is darker and you have to put rafts of yellow in to make it a lighter colour.Ok, how close purple?Oh Miss Carr, that is well easy, dont you drive in?Im just seeing if you do, so that if you dont know I can teach you.Oh, -thinks hard- ok. Its blue and red. Isnt it?Yes well done, How about brown?Yellow, blue and redI learnt a lot from with clas s 1 / 2 K and this was a typical session. Everyone in the class has different view on things and even though in that location are definant social groups every one is friends with everyone else. The teachers and other staff need to practice anti-discriminatory and anti-bias practice. It is important to stage equal opportunities.Children are to be treated equally but at the same time their in the flesh(predicate) needs need to be taken into consideration. In class 1 / 2 K there are friends who are in definite social groups then there are groups that inter-change and mix with the unit of measurement of the infants school. This observation points out how the girls work together to the get tasks completed. They all work together to form a good team. It is a clear that the team works well they all have roles to play. Theres the team drawing card Hannah, the quick thinker Erica and the do-er Lydia who always works hard to complete necessary tasks. Shannell is a hard worker and tries to fit in even if she doesnt always understand.I learnt to set up and clear aside activities with the childrens help how to encourage exploration of colour and creativity. I managed to gain the childrens confidence and by helping them to tump over their full potential.All four girls developed their fine motor skills and creativity in this exercise. They practice painting techniques and different colours and styles. They learned how to co-operate and communicate with each other. They learn to trust opinions of the adults they work with, they learn to regard their knowledge and experience. I think that in the future the children could be put into groups to help them to mix into different social groups and form new relationships. Lydia could have, in the future, extra help during tasks which involve thinking though confused theories, and she has trouble understanding some complicated concepts.

Biological Membranes Essay Example for Free

Biological Membranes moveInternal membranes for organelles Bilayer Permeability Low permeability to charged and polar substances Water is an exception small size, omit of charge, and its high concentration Shedding solvation shells for ions is very unlikelyCommon Features of Biological Membranes Sheet-like structure TWO-molecule thick (60-100A) Lipids, Proteins, and carbohydrates Lipids form the barrier. Proteins mediate limpid functions.Non-covalent assemblies (self-assembly, protein- lipoid interaction) Asymmetric (always) Fluid structures 2-dimensional solution of oriented lipids and proteins Electrically polarized (inside negative -60mV) Spontaneously forming in water Protein/lipid ratio = 1/4 4/1 Carbohydrate moieties are always outside the jail cell Protein/Lipid ratio Pure lipid insulation (neuronal cells) Other membranes on average 50% nil transduction membranes (75%) Internal membranes of mitocondria and Each atom i at position ri, is treated as a smirch with a mass mi and a fixed charge qi. What is the Force Field? In molecular(a) dynamics a molecule is described as a series of charged points (atoms) linked by springs (bonds). To describe the time evolution of bond lengths, bond angles and torsions, also the non-bonding van der Waals and elecrostatic interactions between atoms, one uses a force field. The force field is a collection of equations and associated constants designed to reproduce molecular geometry and selected properties of tested structures. dexterity Terms Described in the CHARMm Force Field

Shah Walliullah Essay Example for Free

Shah Walliullah EssayHistory itself stands evident to the fact that whenever Islam was in danger, by each confidence or enemy, it was rescue by much(prenominal) personalities who through their spiritual power not only saved it but also gave it a new life-time. The movement of Shah Wali Ullah was the first in the Subcontinent that aimed at socio-economic and politico ghostly amendation of the degenerated Moslem bon ton.* IntroductionHazrat Shah waliullah was born on 21st February 1703 in Delhi. He was born during the sway of Aurangzeb. He cultivateed for the revival of Islamic rule and intellectual learning in S show uph Asia, during a quartern dimension of waning Muslim power.The original name of Shah Waliullah was Qutbuddin and his fathers name was Shah Abdul Raheem. Shah Waliullah had a son and 5 daughters from his first wife. His bit wife bore him quadruplet sonsShah Abdul Aziz Muhaddis Dehlvi, Shah Rafiuddin, Shah Abdul Qadir, and Shah Abdul Ghani. Shah Waliull ah was, perhaps, the only Muslim scholar of Mediaeval India who body forthd the importance of political economy in a social and political set-up.He advocated the maintenance of economic equilibrium in the ordination and strongly criticized the accumulation of wealth which leads to all sorts of evils in the world. He had visualized a social gear up based on economic have-to doe withity, fraternity and brotherhood which ar the principles g all overning Islamic socialist practices during the epoch of the pious Caliphs. Shah Waliullah visualized an ideal state of the days of the Pious Caliphs and strove to it. Analyzing his political thought, Iqbal statesThe Prophetic method of teaching, check to Shah Waliullah is that, generally speaking, the law revealed by a prophet takes especial notice of the habits, ways and peculiarities of the people to whom he is specialally sent. The Prophet who aims at all-embracing principles, however, can neither reveal different peoples nor leave t hem to work out their own rules of conduct. His method is to have one particular people and to use it as a nucleus for the build up of a universal Shariah. In doing so, he accentuates the principles underlying the social life of all mankind and applies them to concrete cases in the light of the specific habits of thepeople immediately before him.* primal EducationShah Waliullah received his education at Madrasa Rahimiyya. His father was his teacher and source of spiritual guidance.He was a man of letters. He commenced his stu occurs at the age of five and completed the recitation and memorization of the ledger by the age of seven. Thereafter, he commenced primary lessons in Persian and Arabic, which were completed in a year. Then, he canvass the grammar and syntax of Persian and Arabic. He completed his studies in philosophy and theologyat the age of fifteen and then commenced his studies in mantiq, fiqh, hadith, tibb, algebra,mathematics, kalaam, spirituality, mysticism, orato ry and metaphysics under his father.Thereafter, he was inducted into the tradition of bayat by his father and, by the age of seventeen, he was permitted to picture spiritual guidance to and reform his fellow Muslims, he became a mudarris (teacher) atMadrasa Rahimiyya. He held this position for twelve years. Then, in 1731, Shah Waliullah performed Hajj. He reached Makkah on May 21 and performed Hajj, after which he proceeded to Medina. There, he attended Shaikh Abu Tahir Muhammad bin Ibrahim Kurdi Madanis discourses on hadith. Shah Waliullah studied Sihah Sitta, Muatta Imam Malik, Masnad Daarmi, and Imam Muhammads Al Asaarunder him.Thereafter, he returned to Makkah, performed another Hajj, studied Al-Muwatta Imam Malikfor a morsel time under Shaikh Wafadullah Maliki Makki, and attended the discourses of ShaikhTajuddin Hanafi Qalai Makki on Sihah Sitta. Then, he was permitted to teach all of the kitabs of hadithby Shaikh Tajuddin. Thereafter, Shah Waliullah returned to India. His jo urney back to India lasted sestet months and he reached Delhi on January 1, 1733.* Achievements and ServicesAfter he had performed his second hajj, he returned to Delhi. He started his work in earnest. This was in a period when Muslims in India were passing through the most critical phase of their muniment and their entire social, political, economic and spiritual fabric was torn to pieces. On his arrival in Delhi, he started to train his pupils in diverse branches of Islam and entrusted them with the mission of enlightening people with the true nature of Islam. He embarked upon the task of authoring bar whole kit and caboodle on Islam and was able to complete a number of works on Islam. Shah Waliullah rose to bean eminent scholar of Islamic studies.He was a prominent intellectual figure whose mission was to reform the Muslims he saw as misguided. His activities were not confined to spiritual and intellectual demesnes only. He lived in troubled times and witnessed a number of rulers occupying the throne of Delhi. With his keen political insight, he observed the deterioration of Muslim rule in India and wrote to a number of political dignitaries to attempt to bolster the political life of Muslims in India. He established several(prenominal) branches of Madrasa Rahimiyya in Delhi in order to effectively disseminate his knowledge.* Reforms spectral Reforms a) Translation of the Holy Quran Shah Wali Ullah was the first in the subcontinent who translated the Holy Quran into Persian language for develop understanding of the holy book. b) Explanation of Muatta The life and traditions of prophets were the second source of Islamic teachings. He established schools for the aim of Hadith. He selected Imam Malikis Muatta as the most authentic collection of the Hadith. c) Synthesis of different schools of thought He wrote Al-Insaf-fi-Bayan Sahab al Ikhtalaf, in order to create a balance between the four schools of thought. His object was to unbosom the deterior ating condition of the Muslim ships company and to defend it from external threats. d) Emphasis on Ijtehad Shah Wali Ullah was the first person to underline the importance of Ijtehad for the solution of intricate problems in every day life. e) Efforts for the Revival of Islam He was against the limited universality of the applications of the injunctions of the Quran.He tried to resolve the controversies among various schools of thoughts and gave a new life to the spirit of Islam. Promotion of Madarras Rahimiya He rendered great services to Islam by the promotion of Madarrasah Rahimiya. Economic Reforms In his famous book Hijjat-ul-Balagh, he pointed out that social and economic factors were responsible for the problems in human society. The working and poor class was being put-upon but the noble, ulema and rulers were being fed on the public treasury without performing their corresponding duties. Shah Wali Ullah elevated his voice for Economic equilibrium Removal of inequaliti es Equitable distribution of resources He appealed to the classes concerned responsible to realize their responsibilities and duties towards the people.Political Reforms Shah Wali Ullah wrote many letters toAhmad Shah Abdali and encouraged Najib-ud-Daula of Bengal to help him save the Muslim Community from the Marhattas. He gave a crushing defeat to the Marhattas at Panipat. The occasion was the culmination of Shah Wali Ullahs political efforts. Social Reforms He emphasized on all basic rights much(prenominal) as free dispensation of justice, equality, brotherhood, etc. * Shah waliullahs 4 basic principles of political economyShah Waliullah has discussed about the four basic principles of economics such as Production of wealth, consumption of wealth, distribution of wealth, alternate of wealth. The whole nation is participant in the production of wealth, so it should be distributed in the whole nation. He established the principles for distribution of wealth among people as well as the values that how the wealth should be consumed. That economic system is successful which establishes the principles for these four branches. * The first principle is that people living in specific geographic boundaries has the right over the resourcesof that area.That economic system in which all the people are equal no single person or specific class can get hold of the resources. He has narrated Hazrat Abu Bakkar Siddique in Aizaalatul Khifa Equality is better in economics than giving priority to one group over other. * Second principle is that everybody has the right to have limited owner ship as the abilities of every single are different. Not that the whole nation should have same clothing, food and houses. * Third principle is that any practice which concentrates wealth in certain hands go forth not be tolerated and the system will oppose it. * Fourth principle is that such a balance should be maintained in these factors that society develop as a whole. Shah waliullah stressed on the creation of a party on such principles which will end the outmoded system and built a new system which ensures the development of society as a whole* Literary careerShah Waliullah was a prolific writer. In the realm of Islam, he produced a number of memorable literary works and, within a period of thirty years, he wrote a total of fifty-one works of merit, twenty-eight inArabic and twenty-three in Persian. Some of these are keep mum unsurpassed in the domain of Islamic literature. His most valuable service to Islam was that he codified the ample store of Islam under separate heads. two in thought andprediction, his works occupy an outstanding position. His works can be classified into six categories. The first deals with the Quran. It includes his translation of the Quran into Persian. According to him, the object of canvass the Quran is to reform human nature and correct wrong beliefs and injurious actions.The second category deals with hadith, in which he has left behind several works such as commentaries on Al-Muwatta Imam Malik in bothArabic and Persian. Shah Waliullah also wrote a number of works and pamphlets on hadith. The third category deals with fiqah or Islamic jurisprudence, which includes lnsaaf fi Bayaan-e-Sahoobul Ikhtilaf, a brief yet informative story of Islamic jurisprudence over the five centuries before his life. The fourth category deals with mysticism. The fifth category pertains to his works on Muslim philosophy andkalaam. He also wrote a pamphlet on the principles of ijtihad (independent interpretation) and taqlid(conformity). In his principles of ijtihad, he clarifies whether it is obligatory for a Muslim to adhere to one of the four schools of Islamic jurisprudence or whether he can exercise his own judgment.Shah Waliullahs greatest work is Hujjatullahil Baligha, which deals with such aspects of Islam that are common among all of the Muslim countries. The sixth category deals with his works on the problems betwee n Shias and Sunnis. His theories pertaining to economics and socialism are of revolutionary nature. The miserable condition of Indian Muslims inspired him to im produce their character, raise their morale, and ingrain a feeling of selflessness and love for their fellows in them. He overhauled the educational system and separated corporate trust from unlawful invented traditions and unnecessary and unwanted suspicions regarding Islam. He presented what he considered pure and pristine Islam to people. extensively on several Islamic topics. His literary masterpieces are as follows 1. Fathur Rahman fi Tarjumatul Quran A translation of the Quran into Persian. A collection of 40ahadith which are brief yet of inclusive character.* Al Irshad ila Muhim2. Al Faudhul Kabir fi Usoolut Tafsir A booklet in Persian that follows his Persian translation of the Quran. It contains the nucleus of the Quran, the rules of interpretation, and interpretations of the Quran by various eminent scholars. 3. Hujjatullahil Baligha Shah Waliullahs greatest literary work. Its title is derived from the Quran (Suratul Anaam149). Itis a two-volume Arabic manuscript and elaborates about the jurisprudence from the hadith and necessities of the Sharia. A partial list of the lodge of his works is as follows1. Arbaeen (Arabic) matul Ilmul Isnad (Arabic) This work is about the scholars of Hijaz who taught Shah Waliullah. 2. Izalatul Khafaan Khilafatul Khulafa . The book is in persian and has been translated in Urdu as well.It endeavors to prove the soundness of the Islamic governance of the Khulfa-e- Rashideen (First four Islamic Caliphs) and also illuminates the salient features of an Islamic state1 3. At Tayyabul Naghm fi Madh-e-Sayyidul Arab wal Ajam (Arabic) A collection of odes eulogizing Muhammad, which display Shah Waliullahs poetic talent and love towards Muhammad. 4. Altaaful Quds This woark deals with esoteric principles of mysticism. 5. Al Imdad fi Maathirul Ajdaad. A brochure outlining Shah Waliullahs genealogical table and containing brief notices about some of his ancestors. 6. Al Intibah fi Salaasil ul Auliaullah . A book which details the history of and a brief introduction to various mystic orders.7. Insanul Ain fi Mashaaikhul Haramayn8. Al Insaf fi Bayaanul Asbabul Ikhtilaf . This book discusses the sectarianism in Islam. It condemns the sectarian strife in Islamic societies and supports a moderate approach in dealing with sectarian issues. The movement of political as well as spiritual regeneration of Muslim India did not die with Shah Waliullah. His talented son, Shah Abdul Aziz, and his worthy disciples and successors, strove for the realization of his mission. The torch of Islamic revival kindled by Shah Waliullah was kept aloft by his worthy successors. The echo of the third battle of Panipat was heard in the battle of Balakot. Both form the landmarks of the same struggle.Shah Waliullah possessed a many-sided and versatile personality. His real greatne ss lies in the additive effect produced by his writings, by the contribution of persons trained by him and by the achievements of the school of thought founded by him. In religious matters, he struck a mean between extremes in social personal matters he strove to introduce in the Muslim society the simplicity and purity of early Islam in the sphere of economics headvocated the revolutionary Islamic socialism and in the political field he regretful a united Muslim front against the non-Muslim forces which were threatening to storm Muslim India.

CPA vs. Non-CPA Essay Example for Free

certified public accountant vs. Non-CPA EssayMany people may ask, What are the differences amid being a CPA and just being a non-certified CPA, there are actually a lot of differences between the two. A CPA or Certified Public Accountant is someone who has a license to practice public accounting that is issued by their State Board of Accountancy. CPAs, in contrast, drop normally studied or majored in accounting during college, sat for the CPA exam, worked in an accounting securely for at least two years, and completed 500 hours of auditing work in order to earn their certification. CPAs are also required to complete a genuine number of continuing nurture hours in order to keep their CPA license.A CPA potbelly complete all trine types of financial statements including audited, refreshened, and compiled. Non-certified accountants can simply hang up their shingle and open their doors for business (Day). For non-certified accounts there are no educational requirements, howe ver, in order for them to prepare taxes most states require that they complete a certain number of hours of the study of accounting and also complete continuing education hours per year. Non-certified CPAs can only complete the last type of financial statements which is complied.The main question is how to choose whether to choose a CPA or non-certified CPA. It has to do with the concept of free enterprise. Remember the old adage, Caveat Emptor? It convey let the buyer beware (Day). It is the clients responsibility to choose the most qualified professional. Obviously, the auditing and check up on types of financial statements cost more than a complied one but some banks require a review of your books in order to receive a bank loan, so it would be in the clients best provoke to have a CPA they trust already.Work CitedJohn Day. Theme CPAs vs. Non-CPAs. 2008. Web. 27 November 2011. http//www.reallifeaccounting.com/pubs/Article_Theme_CPAs_vs_Non_CPAs.pdf

Operations Management for Competitive Advantage

trading operations commission for Competitive AdvantageIntroduction transactions Management is present in m either occupations as well as those of manufacturing and assistance industries. I believe it to be present in nonchalant duties of any person although they may never notice. With this in mind I see operations attention as a skill anyone has with an aim of achieving an come forthcome of something they ar laddering towards in a logical appendage with thought of aw beness of a system structure. executions prudence has been around for some meter to that degree it was Christopher Polhelm (Sweden) first recognised a skill and recorded that Nothing increases demand so often quantifys as low prices. thitherfore there is a great need of implements and appliances which depart diminish the amount or intensity of heavy work (Extract from text book Operations Management supplied by DMU for open cultivation please see bibliography) this was around 1700. There are cases in m any history books and stories passed d avow that operations management was present before this yet not identified as operations management. From 1700 business ontogenesis has grew signifi washstandtly and seems to relieve oneself been a notable point of operations management to present day. Operation management is depending upon flipper performance objectives i.e.Quality, Flexibility, Cost, Speed and dependability.Quality Quality means doing things right. An operation needs to be spick-and-span and in ordinance, arrive at appropriate and attractive furnishings and rent sure that the staffs are friendly and helpful. Quality reduces salute and increases dependability.Flexibility The Flexibility facilitate to any changes. Different intersections and services need to be available, for example the opening night times need to be varied as the main customers (students) have varying timetables. Cost The rank and file prices need to be a suitable price to facilitate students and peo ple with different financial situations. The woo of hiring employment needs to be considered as well as the cost of the equipment. The write down the cost of producing their services, the lower the cost to the customer leave alone be. This is a very attractive attribute, especi exclusivelyy to students.Speed The speed of the home(a) does can reduce inventories and reduce risks.Dependability The staffs want to be able to do things in time for the customers to receive their services. Being reliable causes the customers to become more loyal over time. Dependability can wholeay time, save money and give support finishedout the operation, intern anyy and externally.In this assignment I adjudicate to focus on above all objectives and how manufacturing process is going? How much time taking all(prenominal) subdivision for their work? Why occur de pose for delivery to Customer? Whats role of Human imaginations in oppose Quality, Cost and Time? Why storage is earn scarcity of sp ace? Why pure tone is going down? ware value and Customer satisfaction Etc. Operation management stupefy out best solution before arise worry. Operation Management is helpful for Decision making, ontogeny a process strategy, managing actionive project, process analysing, Demand Forecasting, managing Quality, blueprintning Capacity, managing Inventories etc. In this assignment I researched on Rama news subject publisher Papers Ltd, India, which is badst private physical composition production Company. It is menstruatening by more than 2000 workforce. This is manufacturing flutter Wove, Super printing, base news report for coating, map litho SS map litho, Copier topic and newsprint etc. It has $ 50 million honor or spread over in 400 acres land. RNPL has in like manner own 23 mw agent lay downs. This caller-up is huge in paper assiduity sector and I am sure it will be increase my k without delayledge in Operation management and its systems.Manufacturing act of N ewsprint Paper The paper industry is basically based on wood and wood based cornmeal mush. nevertheless Rama Newsprint is experience paper by Recycling process. This plan is zero wastage process plans. Wa tintaper is a come across input in the production of newsprint, packaging paper and paperboards. Production of specialty paper involves the use of different varieties of pulp, which lend special feeling to the paper. Here below illustrate whole manufacturing process of paper.R D and QC subdivision This dissociate play important role in manufacturing process. R D department is forever taking sample from Raw material, Deinking and Paper gondola for checking quality of ongoing process and find out anything wrong in the process. As per operation management quality is very important turn up and this is handled by R D and QC department.Raw materials Department Paper manufacturing is start from Raw materials department. This department is using unadulterated build, Loc al/Imported old newspaper (ONP), News Pams, Mixed office waste, emeritus Telephone Directory, Old magazine grade (OMG) for raw materials. But these all materials are available in wastage paper. This department is take fibre, plastic, iron, dust etc from west paper. Sorting is important part of process. If screen out is not good, quality of paper will be bad. This is very sensitive department and root of the process. This department retain maximum labour for sorting work. After sorting process this wastage paper send to Deinking department and complete their work.( Ref C http//www.madehow.com/images/hpm_0000_0006_0_img0128.jpg )Deinking Department After completion of Raw materials sorting process, Deinking department is ready to start next process. In this department waste paper have been mixes with water and wash by Chemical. This departments union work is removing Ink from paper and converts in to Pulp by mixing Sodium hydroxide and sodium sulphide. The chips close into pulp in the resolution. Next the pulp is sent through filters.Bleachmay be added at this stage, or colourings. The pulp is sent to the paper plant. Thats for this department called De-Inking. In this stage to a fault mix some chemical for create brightness in paper and which is providing by CAPP department. This completed Pulp has been send to paper Machine Department and finished their work.Paper Machine Department The pulp is next put through a whacking and squeezing course called, properly enough, pasting. Inside a large container, the pulp is subjected to the produce of machine beaters. At this point, various packing materials can be supplementary such as chalks, clays, or chemicals such as titanium oxide. These additives will control the dullness and different qualities of the final product. surfaces are excessively added at this point. Sizing affects the way the paper will react with various inks.( Ref C http//www.madehow.com/images/hpm_0000_0006_0_img0128.jpg )In instruct to at last revolve the pulp into paper, the pulp is fed or pumped into colossal, automated machines. One ordinary grade is called the Fourdrinier instrument. Pulp is fed into the Fourdrinier machine on a touching belt of bright mesh selection. The pulp is squeezed through a series of rollers, while suction strategy under the belt drains rotten water. If the paper is to obtain a water-mark, a device called a dandy moves across the sheet of pulp and presses a design into it.The paper then moves on top of the press part of the machine, where it is pushed between rollers of wool felt. The paper then passes over a series of steam-heated cylinders to eradicate the left over water. A large machine may have from 45 to 65 aeration cylinders. Finishing House DepartmentFinally, the dried paper is injuring onto large reels, where it will be additional processed depending on its last use. Paper is round and packed in further by passing through metal rollers called calendars. A particular finish, whether supple and waterless or solid and glossy, can be imparted by the calendars.The paper may be further ended by passing through a container of sizing material. It may withal obtain a covering, which is either brushed on or rolled on. Covering ads chemicals or pigments to the papers outside, supplementing the sizing and fillers from previous in the course. ticket clay is often used as a covering. The paper may after that be supercalendered, that is, run from first to last extremely silky calendar rollers, for a closing time. Then the paper is disregard to the wanted surface.Product Wear House Department This is the final stage of Paper process. This stage PWH department is packing cutter paper and send to storage or customer. This department is storage paper size wise on different place. Whenever subscribement arise easy to find out and send to customer.Product life cycle of RNPL When offering papers product to customer is that they have a variety. They have an fantastic number of a ways of expenses their money and spaces to spend it. Therefore, Rama newsprint papers places considerable emphasises on growing a new paper product which customers want. Market research establishes exactly what this is.However customers requirements change overtime. What is cool and eye-catching today may be excess tomorrow. Marketing constantly monitors customers first choice. In order to assemble these changes, RNPL has tried to launch new product with change in old product. The type of change undertaken and the amount invested will be dissimilar, depending on the human body a product has reached. For example, the begin on of a new product will classically involve television and other advertising support. At several(prenominal) time a company will have a variety of assets, a share portfolio co-ordinated shares in a range of different companies of product each in a diverse phase of life cycle. Some of RNPLs option is going constant at the growth stage. Paper is a daily use product but not much profit making industry. In Indian commercialize more than 800 paper industries are running in paper sector. So competition is on mellowed level and also tough. Thats reason is for paper industries are not reach to maturity level of product life cycle.Process Flow Chart A process chart is a set method of documenting all the activities performed by a person or group at a workplace, with a customer, or working with certain materials. It analyzes a process using a table, and provides information about each step in the process. It is used to drill down to the job level for an individual person, a team or a focused nested process. In this process five categories.Process flow chart with easy to key out out gap between two process and this is giving idea to management for generating idea for resolve it. On below chart easy to identify grocery storeing department send order to PWH department on right time. But lack of efficiency of PWH department, they ar e not putting in to process and make a delay. Also PWH department is looking storage department. But there negligence on work create scare of place. Here paper machine department have good efficiency in spite of they cannot work imputable to scarcity of space. So whole operations in PWH department is making delay in process.Quality Circle Quality is important part in Paper Industry. If industry ignore to this concept, They will be loose their customer and lose their image in market. Rama Newsprint papers Ltd is also believe in this concept and Quality fate implemented in organisation. RNPL established department wise Quality circle committee and they act to one time in a week. They discussed regarding hassle, production, cost reduction idea, new technology, participative management, Decision making on new things etc.. They are tried to solve problem at department level. If its not possible than bring it to management level and search solution. Quality circle is good concept in m anagement theory and RNPL completely follow to this and short out problem on root level and avoid delay. This is also responsible for cost saving and quality improvement.Porters harbor ChainMichael Porter (1985) the strategic inventor of the Porter Value Chain constructed a range of mountains effect understanding that every business should implement for logical understanding and awareness of its inputs and outputs as a business. He separated the business functions into primordial and secondary methods, primary being dedicated to the product or service and secondary being supportive methods to aid the primary.Porters (Michael Porter 1985) Value Chain (VC). From the model advises, that no issue how many operational building blocks that are concerned in the course of generating customer value these primary actions can be conceptualised into five common stages. The five primary stages are inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. These pri mary stages are supported by the firms infrastructure, human resource management, technology development, and purchasing and procurement. The stages within the VC should not be seen in segregation but looked at in a wider context and include the connections between stages not just within the processes. The relationship between sales, operations and procurement for instance can determine how much stock is to be carried and therefore reflected in cost of inventory held.( Ref Book Operation Management Processes and Supply Chain Lee, Larry Manoj )Value activities are divided in to two types, first activities and support activities. Primary activities involved in the physical creation of the product, sales and transportation to the buyers as well as after sells services. Primary activity alienated into five categories. Support activities are support to primary activities and each other given that purchased inputs, technology, human resources and various firm-wide functions.Primary Ac tivities The primary activities of the organisation are group in to five main areasInbound logistics RNPL concerned with receiving, storming and distributing the inputs to the products. In this included raw materials, handling, stock control, transportation etc..Operation the revolution of these various inputs into the final paper or newsprint machine, packaging, testing etc.Outbound logistics The collection, storage and scattering of the product to customers. In RNPL involves Product were house activities, material handling, transportation etc. In this part close to important to bring services to customer on fixed location.Marketing sales in this part RNPL create their own image in paper industry by advertising, highest production per day and healthy administration department. Also loosening with customer and take a feed back of customer.Services all the activities depend upon services after sells. After sells services consist of installation, start up of product, replac ement, warranties etc. RNPL also provide quality assurance guarantees to customer.Support Activities The support activities divided in to four areas.Procurement all primary activity have been refers to the process of acquiring the various resource. This is the main part of the organisation.Human Resource management RNPL is very poor about human resources and this is the main root of problem. Here value set up is play important role to emphasise more cooking development, motivation like supervise non monitoring ways to workforce, eliciting skilled manpower.Technology development Technology is directly related with product, process or resources. if employees do not understand how to operate equipment, its create big problem for firm. In RNPL most of the workforce recruit experienced with higher pay scale. This is increase production cost to firm. If they create their own workforce by providing T D to old staff is better than higher new staff.Infrastructure RNPL plan lay out a nd infrastructure is good but some place require some change. Infrastructure is also consisting of the structure and routines of the organisation that sustain RNPL culture.This all activities are implement perfectly by RNPL is must be require for in competitive hurt, value is the amount that buyer are willing to pay for what a firms provided them with product perceived value. Value chain model is very helpful to RNPL for win to paper market and therefore they have to implement and follow above all activities.So value chain is take to the woods to industry how to win market and create own image in market. For RNPL has a value chain is key success.Recommendation As student I cannot give the exact idea about see just few papers for the company which is running successfully since 1991. Company has history of19 years they have created their name and fame through their working pattern and workforce who works for them. I am little indorsement small to evaluated and give the recommendat ion to the companys board of directors they are the genius in their planning and implementation of their Operation Management systems.1 ) Most of the companies are manufacturing product depend upon order or make to stock. RNPL is also following these methods. But RNPL not use perfect performance metrics in process and these are the main reason for delay in manufacturing product. As a student I would like to suggest to RNPL, if they will follow some below formula for manufacturing process. Defiantly they will almost achieve their target.Operation time = Setup timeRun timeThroughput time = Average time for a unit tomove through the systemSpeed = Throughput timeValue-added timeCycle Time Example articulate RNPL had to produce 10 paper roll in 50 hours to meet the demand requirements of a product. There are 3000 minutes (60 minutes/hour x 50 hours) in 50 hours. So the clean time between completions would have to be Cycle time = 3,000/10 roll = 300 minutes.Process Throughput Time Reduct ionAll of this work done after RNPL should apply bellow main third concept for process.A ) It must be execute activities in corresponding.B ) heighten the series of activities.C ) Reduce interruptions2 ) Human Resource Management Humans are core part of process and they have been a particular platform in Organization. Human is sensitive part of operation management. If employees are not satisfied, organization will loose target. Employees play important role in quality management and have a power to make decision that will improve quality and customer services. strategic goals for quality and customer satisfaction require teamwork and group participation. RNPL is face lack of satisfaction in their employees and that for so many causes are responsible.I would like to suggest some ideas for implementing in company for success in paper sector.Employees are not satisfied with management systems. Management follows autocratic and close leadership and this is demotivate to employees. If RNPL will understand employees requirement and change the management styles towards employees, definitely company will get incredible growth.Change the management style from Autocratic to Liberal, means employees have been invite for decision making, Quality circle, participation in management, giving more responsibility etc.. These all are motivate to employees for achieving goal.RNPL should more focus on proficient commercial training to employees. Trained workforce is more productive as well qualitative and also Time saver. RNPL should be implement below T D activities through minimise cost, time and maintain quality.Create Apprentice force in the Organisation. Apprentice is productive, cheaper and easy to available.Provide more paper machine operation training to employees and these are useful for minimise cost and increase qualitative production. strain specification has been implementing in Organisation. Employees have been mastery in work through it. These is key of main tain quality, cost and time.Job rotation is also important part of operation. It should be implementing in RNPL.Also provide commercial training like time keeping, communication, leadership, cost reduction etc.3 ) Raw materials department has been also compulsory some change for Time saving and Quality maintaining. In sorting work per bunch require maximum 20 to 30 minutes. But lack of inspection on labour makes delay in this process. Also sorting work is not going accurate. This is creating adverse impact on Paper quality and deinking departments system. So as per my suggestion management have to take strict step against labour.4 ). Product wear house department is end of the manufacturing process part. This department is looking storage, separation and selling work. RNPL has loads of space for storage. In spite of arise scarcity of space due to lack of skilled staff. They have no any proper storage system which is helpful for identify thickness wise paper. So they have to implem ent storage system like inventory management system.5 ) Central technology stores is located so far away from main core department in plan. Maximum time wasted in collection for equipment from store to concern department. If central department located near to core department, definitely maximum time will be saved by RNPL.Conclusion I solve that although most businesses look different in their operation most of them actually are similar because all businesses need a foundation to start off with and when they build from their foundations this is where differences occur because of their overall business plan in the 5 key business function. They are Operations Management, Human Resource Management, Marketing, Accounting finance and Information Management in which they operate from. They start to defer within the sectors they build their business on as every business has a different way of getting their products and services forward depending on the market they explore in which they t ry to dominate through success to keep the business alive.They key difference is how they outsource their organisational role and activities all depend on how the business is adapted to operate to meet the demand of the businesss activities. This is vital for the business to fulfil their organisational needs so the operation of the business is flawless and it will maximise their organisational productivity and stability.History of RNPL ( Appendix 1 )Rama Newsprint and Papers Ltd is largest private sector in Printing Writing paper manufacturing company at a single spot in India. It has 22 percent capacity of production in Indian newsprint sector, based on Virgin Pulp as well as Recycled fibre, to manufacture either 1,44,000 tonnes per annum of Newsprint or 1,80,000 tonnes per annum of Printing Writing paper or a mix of both. The paper mill was established in 1996.Its is set up with an equity of Rs. 233 crores ( US $ 50 million ) and spread over 450 acres of land in village Barbod han, Gujarat, India, the company is managed by professional Board of Directors having enormous practice in related fields.The company is able to produce Newsprint and Writing paper from Virgin pulp as well as Non-conventional raw materials. The company has also demonstrated deep commitment to the cause of preserving the environment, by setting up a evoke of the artfacility for manufacture of Environ friendly Chlorine free paper. The Company has its own Power plant and water works, means uninterrupted power and water preparation leading to non-stop production. A motive(prenominal) feature is the internal engineering workshop for defensive maintenance and looking after leading to unchangeable invention of process, quality and productivity.Technical partnership with world best in the newsprint industry and support by a highly qualified and committed workforce of about 500 personnel has now seen us expand into synergetic industries as well as set up an sell overseas existence in A sia and Africa. urine RNPL has sufficient water bring for its plants and for general human use from Narmada Water Resources Department, Government of Gujarat. RNPL has also occupied a range of initiatives for water upkeep such as rain water harvesting, recycling re-use of water in the process of manufacturing.Power RNPL has 23 MW confined power plant installed at site, which ensures supply of quality power for permanent operation of the plant without any break due to power cuts. RNPL has also reserve unit of 17 MW installed at site. Majority of RNPLs power demand is met through confined plant. However It has power authorize boundary of 8500 KVA for paper mill and 550 KVA for raw water supply intake pump house from Gujarat Electricity Board in case of any possibility or surplus demand.Mission To establish ourselves as leaders in the paper industry in terms of efficiency, productivity, profitability and above all, customer service..