Production of Wine From Fruits and Value Addition

Production of Wine From Fruits and Value Addition Production of wine from fruits and value addition by blending medicinal plants Vinayaka B. Shet, Sagar  S.D., Bollamma,  M.N., Mary Teena  J. Abstract: Wine is an alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented fruit juice. The fruits used in the study were Wild Grapes, Guava, Sapota, Fig, Pomegranate, Kokum, and blends of Guava with Kokum and Sapota with Ginger, Tulsi, Tinospora and Coleus aromaticus. The musts of the fruits were extracted, pasteurized and subjected to anaerobic fermentation by inoculating with baker’s yeast with an initial pH of 3.5- 4 and initial sugar concentration of 18-20ËÅ ¡Brix at room temperature. Then wine was subjected to malolactic fermentation using Oenococcus oeni. The residual concentration of all the samples was found to be less than 1g/L, fixed acidity in terms of tartaric acid equivalent was found to be in the range of 13.93g/L to 3.31g/L, radical scavenging activity in terms of ascorbic acid equivalent was found to be in the range 0.15-0.5mg/ml, percentage of alcohol was found to be in the range of 8.5-9.8%. Key words: Wine, Acidity, Residual sugar, alcohol 1. Introduction Wine is a popular drink being enjoyed all over the world. Historians believe that wine was being made in Caucasus and Mesopotamia as early as 6000 BC. Rig-Veda amply testifies that the wine is perhaps the oldest fermented product known to man. It has been made in India for as many as 5,000 years. In developing countries like India 20-30% of fruits produced are wasted due to lack of proper utilization, post-harvest and processing technology. By converting the waste into value added products like wine is a smart solution for this problem (Reddy et al., 2009). Wine is an alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented fruit juice. Any fruit with good proportion of sugar may be used in producing wine and the resultant wine is normally named after the fruit. The type of wine to be produced dictates the fruit and strain of yeast to be involved. Preservatives used in wine making include sulphur-dioxide potassium sorbate, sorbic acid and metabisulphides. Wine is one of the functional fermente d foods and has many health benefits. These include anti-ageing effects in red grape skins, improvement of lung function from antioxidants in white wine, reduction in coronary heart disease, development of healthier blood vessels in elderly people, reduction in ulcer-causing bacteria, destruction of cancer cells by protein present in red grape skins, prevention of stroke by keeping the arteries clean by polyphones in red grape skins, decreasing ovarian cancer risk in women and making the bones stronger. Epidemiological evidence has been provided showing that constituents in fruits are beneficial to human health and contribute to the prevention of degenerative processes caused by oxidative stress (Bansal et al., 2009). Fruits contain many different dietary phytonutrients with strong antioxidant capacities; such as: phenolics, which include flavonoids and phenolic acids; carotenoids; and vitamins. Dietary intake of plant phenolics are inversely related to coronary heart disease and ac t as anti-ulcer, antispasmodic, anti-secretory, or anti-diarrheal agents in the gastrointestinal tract. Certain flavonoids have been shown to inhibit the activity of free radical generating enzymes aldose reductase, which cause diabetic cataracts and tumor growth in modelled systems .The concentration of some minerals in wine is important due to health impact of minerals, their role in the stability of wine, possibility of toxicological risks and food regulations. The mineral profile of wines has also been proposed as a possible fingerprint that could be used to characterize wines based on their geographical origin (Bisson et al., 2002). Fruits like guava and pomegranate are easy to culture, possess high nutritive value and its products like juices, beverages nectars, etc. are largely appreciated by the consumers. Average energy contribution to total energy intake is estimated to be 10- 20% among adults. These fruits are difficult to keep for long and are utilized either as fresh or processed juice and specialty products. High rate wastage of these fruits necessitates the need for alternative preservation a post-harvest technologies. Evidences have shown how fruit consumption can play an important role in the prevention of many diseases linked to oxidative stress such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases. These biological activities have been mainly attributed to phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and elligitanins. In general fruit wines are processed in the same way as wine made from grapes and significant compositional changes take part during wine making. Likewise phenolic compounds are not only health promoti ng bioactivities but also greatly contribute to the sensory properties of stuff by alternating colour taste (Gurvinder et al.,2011).Fruit juices contain water and 20% carbohydrates, 1% organic acids and trace amounts of organic acids, phenolics, vitamins, minerals and nitrogenous compounds. The sugars, organic acids and phenolics give the juice its flavour, while the vitamins, minerals and nitrogenous compounds are, in many cases, essential to yeast growth and fermentation. Wine has a similar composition, but has much lower levels of sugar (none in dry wines), 8-13% alcohol and a greater range of minor components (Mena et al., 2012). 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Crushing All the glass wares, strainers and fruits were washed with 50ppm Potassium metabisulfite solutions (KMS). Crushing of the fruits was carried out by hands and pestle-mortar (where required). The fruit paste (must) along with the seeds and the skins was pasteurized at 70-80ËÅ ¡C for 15 minutes. After pasteurization, the must was filtered using strainers and 500ml of the juice was extracted (Ganjyal et al., 2005). 2.2 Blending medicinal plants To incorporate medicinal value, must was blended separately with Ginger, Tulsi, Tinospora and Coleus aromaticus. ( Shipra et al.,2012, Subir kumar et al., 2005,) 2.3 Estimation of initial sugar concentration Initial sugar was estimated for all the must using a hydrometer. Initial sugar was measured in terms of ËÅ ¡Brix. Final sugar concentration was adjusted to 18ËÅ ¡Brix. In order to bring the sugar concentration to the required value, table sugar was added to carry out chapitalization (Gurvinder et al.,2011). 2.4 Adjustment of initial pH The required pH for this procedure is approx. 3.5. Initial pHHhhhhHoinjn of the fruit juice was checked using a pH meter. If the pH was found to be above 3.5, it was adjusted by adding tartarate crystals (Oliveira et al., 2011). 2.5 Innoculum preparation After adjusting the sugar concentration and the pH, all the juices were kept for fermentation. For this 1g of yeast was added in 10 ml of distilled water for regeneration. This solution was acclimatized to the juice for 10 minutes and then it was added to the flask containing the juice. 2.6 Alcoholic batch fermentation To prevent contamination, 50ppm KMS was added to the fermentation apparatus. The mouth of the flask was fitted with a cork + U-shaped airlock assembly to maintain anaerobic condition. The airlock was half filled with KMS solution. The flask is fit with an airlock to prevent the entry of oxygen and to facilitate release of carbon dioxide and hence maintains the anaerobic condition. All the wine samples were kept at room temperature (25-30ËÅ ¡C) for batch fermentation. 2.7 Malolactic fermentation The culture of Oenococcus oeni was procured from NCIM, pune in freeze dried form. To each of the fermented wine samples, 0.1 ml of the culture was added and kept for malolactic fermentation for 7 days (Edwards et al., 1989). 2.8 Analytical methods Initial sugar concentration in terms of Brix was determined using hydrometer. The residual sugar concentration was estimated on daily basis using the DNSA method. Acidity of the wine was determined by titration method. The radical scavenging activity of the wine samples was calculated using DPPH assay. The percentage of ethanol present in the wine samples was estimated using GC. 3. Results and discussion 3.1 Estimation of initial sugar concentration Initial sugar concentration plays major role in fermentation and alcohol concentration. Soon after crushing fruits estimation of initial sugar concentration was done using a hydrometer. Then concentration was adjusted to 18 Brix by chapitalization. (Fig.1).The initial sugar concentration ( ºBrix) was found to be highest in sapota (15.2 ºBrix) and lowest in guava (1.3 ºBrix). The sugar concentrations were made up to approximately 18-20 ºBrix by adding table sugar. Fig. 1: Initial sugar concentration. 3.2 Estimation of residual sugar The residual concentration of all the samples was found to be less than 1g/L and hence there is no chance of contamination at the time of wine storage. (Fig.2) Shelf life will be more. 3.3 Estimation of acidity The fixed acidity in terms of tartaric acid equivalent was found to be highest in pomegranate (5.87g/L) and lowest in sapota and ginger (3.31g/L).(Fig.3) Fig.2: Residual sugar Fig.3:Acidity of the wine 3.4 Radical Scavenging Activity The radical scavenging activity of the wine samples was calculated using DPPH assay and was found to be as follows in terms of ascorbic acid equivalent. The radical scavenging activity for all the samples in terms of ascorbic acid equivalent was found to be in the range 0.15-0.5mg/ml. (Fig.4). Fig. 4 Radical scavenging activity 3.5 Ethanol Estimation The percentage of ethanol present in the wine samples was estimated using ceric ammonium nitrate reagent and the resulting percentage was obtained. The percentage of alcohol for all the wine samples was found to be in the range of 9.0-10.5%. The highest ethanol content is present in pomegranate. (Fig.5) 4. Conclusion After analyzing the wine that was produced from different fruits and blending combination it was found that the residual sugar concentration was less than 1g/L. The fixed acidity was maximum in Guava wine 5.87 g/L , Wild grapes showed the maximum radical scavenging activity, 0.496 mg/ml and the maximum ethanol content of 10.3% was found in pomegranate. The fixed acidity of most of the fruits was found to be less than 5.5g/L. Quality of the wine can be improved further to match market requireme Fig.5: % of ethanol in wine. References Bansal N, Soni R. and Soni S.K, 2009. Standardization of conditions for fermentation and maturation of wine from Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), Natural Product Radiance. Vol. 8(4), pp.436-444. Bisson L.F0, 2002, â€Å"An Introduction to Wine Production, University of California, Davis. Edwards.G.C and Beelman, 1989,Inducing malolactic fermentation in wine, Vol. 7, pp. 336-360. Ganjyal G.M., Hanna N.A. and Devadattam .D.S.K., 2005, Processing of sapota, pp. 326-330, Journal of Food technology. Gurvinder S.K and Pooja, 2011, Status of wine production from guava (Psidium guajava L.): A traditional fruit of India†, African Journal of Food Science, Vol. 5 (16), pp. 851-860. Mena P., Vilaplana A.G., Martà ­ N., Viguera G.C.,2012,â€Å"Pomegranate varietal wines: Phytochemical composition and quality parameters†,pp. 108-11. M.E.S Oliveira, Pantoja.L, et.al., 2011, Fruit wine produced from cagaita(Eugenia dysenterica DC) by both free and immomibilised yeast cell fermentation. Reddy V. L and Reddy V.S, 2009, Production, optimization and characterization of wine from Mango (Mangifera indica Linn.), Natural Product Radiance., Vol. 8(4), pp.426-435. Shipra Bhargava, Kshipra Dhabhai, Amla Batra, Asha Sharma and Bharti Malhotra, 2012, Zingiber Officinale : Chemical and phytochemical screening and evaluation of its antimicrobial activities, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, Vol. 4(1), pp. 360-364. Subir kumar Das and Vasudevan D.M, 2005, â€Å"Tulsi the Indian Holy Power plant†, Natural Product Radiance. Vol. 5(4), pp.279-283.

The Power Of Love

The Power Of Love Patricia Becker-â€Å"Interaction on the basis of a parent-child relationship must be observable attention for one another†. All parent and child relationships have experienced times of hardship and adversity that when overcome make the bond stronger. Unexpected changes in the parent-child relationships cause disturbances and can escalate the existing problems in their lives by means of psychological pain and societal dilemmas. However, it can also further help to improve the parent-child relationship. The grieving parents that lack hope must depend on their love for their children in order to overcome these times of hardship and unhappiness. Parents, like Ma in Emma Donoghues Room and the Man in Cormac McCarthys The Road, rely on their childs love to overcome the psychological effects from feeling lost and hopeless in a society with no order; they commit their lives to the sole protection of their child from danger, and strive to find happiness through their children. Within society there are laws, social norms that allocate order. However when society goes through a sudden change, there may be psychological effects that occur to the people who have trouble adapting to new environments. As the parent and child are forced to adjust and adapt to a new world that is unfamiliar to their standards, their relationship will have to face conflict and experience misunderstandings along the way. However, their bond between each other will assist them in adapting better to the new social norms of society. In the Room by Emma Donoghue the character of Ma becomes subject to a significant life change when Old Sritharan 2 Nick kidnaps her. Old Nick takes away Mas freedom and removes her from society. She is then left to face the physical and mental pains from the world that Old Nick creates for her. Mas new world was â€Å"just basic [twelve-by-twelve], vinyl coated steel. But he added a sound proofed skylight, and lots of insulating foam inside the walls, plus a layer of sheet lead, because lead kills all sound (Donoghue, 84). Ma is forced to live in this isolated room and it begins to compromise her mental stability as she is taken away from society and what she calls â€Å"the real world† (Donoghue, 85). As a result of this imprisonment, Ma experiences many psychological effects as things â€Å"seemed to get smaller or bigger†¦. sometimes [she] heard voices from the TV telling [her] things† (Donoghue, 94). Although Ma is forcefully held in confinement for several years in this room, she becomes a new person once her son Jack is born. Jack gives her the ability to overcome these times of suffering and misery because she now has a new purpose in life. She shows her love for Jack, when she cries out, â€Å"Yeah, but for me, seeing Jack was everything. I was alive again† (Donoghue, 233). To Ma, Jack symbolizes purity, innocence and happiness, the same qualities, which she once possessed in her previous life. With Jack present she begins to regain what she has lost and is able to slowly overcome the psychological effects of feeling hopeless in an unfamiliar society. When Ma eventually escapes the room, she is confronted with adversity and struggle when trying to deal with the outside world, as she no longer is accustomed with the social norms of society. In the outside world, photographers, media and unknown civilians, hound Ma and Jack. As a result Ma is mentally and emotionally overwhelmed, as she feels psychologically weak. Tim Grice in his paper, Changes in Social Identities argues that any new person joining a new social environment equals a sudden change and the person will have to accommodate to the new social standards and this may cause a new Sritharan 3 psychological state of adjustment. Even though Ma is unable to put up with all the problems that she has faced in her life, she begins to overcome these obstacles and strives for happiness because of Jack. Like Ma in the Room, the Man in The Road also feels hopeless and doomed for failure, as the world he once lived in has collapsed due to an apocalyptic epidemic that has wiped out the majority of civilization. The Man is confused about his current life; he is angry with God; he shouts, â€Å"On this road there are no godspoke. They are gone and I am left alone and they have taken with them the world† (McCarthy, 32). He has developed this hatred for God because he feels God has taken away everything from him. The Man experiences suffering and misery because he is unable to cope with the lack of order and the social norms of the new world. This causes him to feel hopeless and uncertain about life. In spite of these changes the Man must overcome and fight to achieve a new found happiness, he perseveres because his belief is that the Boy is â€Å"carrying the fire† (McCarthy, 283). The Man believes that the carrying of the fire symbolizes good and purity; it signifies that his only purpose left in life is his son. This will force him to overcome the shambles of society and continue to search for happiness in this world of chaos. The new world is â€Å"barren, silent, godless†, but yet the Man is still willing to fight and survive the fight through love for his son. In a society with no rules or order, there is bound to be unforeseen problems and conflicts that terrify and frighten people. It is much easier to cope with these dilemmas when you have someone special to fight for. When parents must face an obstacle, the deep feelings for their child are exposed as they strive to keep him or her safe. Despite all the psychological pain Ma has experienced in the room, she was able to acquire new motivation in her life; this being the birth of Jack. Before his birth Ma felt dead, hopeless and defeated. Jack makes her feel alive Sritharan 4 again as she now has the duty to protect her son from Old Nick. Ma tells Jack that â€Å"[she] just [doesnt] want [Old Nick to] look at [him]. Even when [he was] a baby, [she] always wrapped [him] in a blanket before [Old Nick] came in† (Donoghue 26). Jack is Mas only purpose left in life; he symbolizes her happiness and joy. Ma does not want Jack to go through what she has experienced and does not want Old Nick to blemish the innocence and purity of Jack. Ma has taken great care and gone through some rough times with Old Nick in order to protect Jack. As a result of these overcome hardships, the bond between Ma and Jack becomes more and more strong. Once Jack and Ma escape from the room, they are troubled with the social norms of society and begin to panic, as they are unfamiliar with this new environment. The media is constantly following the two and in one instance a reporter calls Jackâ€Å"a freak. Ma is able to avoid further confrontations with the media and protect Jac k from these obscenities. Jack is able to overcome any sense of emotional pain because of his mothers love. She repeatedly tells him, â€Å"Youre the one who matters, though. Just you (Donoghue, 256). Ma spends most of her life dedicated to Jack because as there love for one another continuously grows. As a result, they are more effective in their fight for survival and able to overcome their miseries. Ma and Jacks relationship are similar to that of the Man and the Boy as they also share the same protective love in such a cruel and brutal world. The Man will do anything in his power to keep the Boy out of harms way because he is the most important aspect of the Mans life. The Boy was born into a world filled with pain and suffering, where this epidemic revealed the true â€Å"frailty of everything† (McCarthy, 28). The only objective for the Man was to protect the Boy from the â€Å"bad guys† (McCarthy, 79). Through all the times of despair and suffering, the Mans lov e for the Boy grows to become stronger than ever which is evident when the Man states, â€Å"My job is to take Sritharan 5 care of you. I was appointed to do that by God. I will kill anyone who touches you† (McCarthy, 77). The Boy represents purity, innocence and happiness to the Man he will do anything to protect the Boy. Both the Man and Ma hoped that their children would not have to be born under the current circumstances that consist of misery, but because of their children they are motivated to overcome these obstacles. Trying to adjust and adapt to a new society can result in many difficulties for an individual. It can bring pain to ones life and even make him or her confused and uncertain of his or hers own existence. It is much easier to overcome these fears and struggles when one has someone important in their life. Like Ma in the Room, the only thing that allows her to persevere and fight for survival is her son Jack. Without Jack she would have given up on herself in her state of hopelessness and confusion. Michael Myers argues in Subjective and Objective measures of Parent-Child Relationship that maintaining a joint attention relationship between a parent and child will further develop the relationship, as they are able to connect their thoughts and feelings. Without Jack, Ma would have already taken her own life because of the negative impacts the past has placed on her. To her, â€Å"Jack was everything† (Donoghue, 233), and because of Jack, she felt alive again. Jack was a symbol of hope and faith for Ma. Similarly, the Man in The Road also depends on the love for his son to keep him on the path of happiness and freedom. The world the Man now lives in is a world that is cruel and barbaric, yet he is still able to find a sense of hope and purpose through the connection to his son. The Man always expresses his love for his son as he says to him, â€Å"The one thing I can tell you is that you wont survive for yourself. I know because I would have never come this far† (McCarthy, 57). He would have never gotten this far in such a world if it was not for his son; his son represented the fulfillment and joy in the Sritharan 6 Mans previous life. The Man continues to live and persevere for survival because his son is everything to him. This is shown when he tells his son, â€Å"You have my whole heart. You always did. Youre the best guy. You always were† (McCarthy, 279). Without the Boy, the Man would have given up, but since they had a reason to live they â€Å"never gave up† (McCarthy, 137). Both Ma and the Man express sadness and confusion in their chaotic surroundings, but they are able to cope with such difficulties because their children give them a sense that someday they will find true happiness. This is why it is easier to overcome times of hardships and obstacles when there is someone special keeping one from giving up. In the novels Room by Emma Donoghue and The Road by Cormac McCarthy, it is evident that a grieving and hopeless parent like Ma or the Man must depend on their love for their child in order to overcome times of suffering and pain. Both parents rely on their childs love to overcome the adversities of living in a new environment, commit their lives to protect their children and find ways to stay happy with their child.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu wrote, "You are a very special person - become what you are." These words encourage us, the graduating class of 2012, to recognize the goodness and potential in each and every one of us and to go out and excel in the world. We are a diverse group of different aspirations and backgrounds, bound for different corners of the earth to carve out our won individual niches. Before we leave behind Lee Falls High School and each other, we must ask ourselves how we have become who we are. Most of us have grown up in this town. We have known each other for many years, gone through the school system and interacted with the community. We have been labeled by the press as inhabitants of "Cranktown" and "Methville," but the community has rallied to fight the problem. This same community is the true spirit of where we come from and who we are. It is the same community that sees generations of change and is always willing to stretch its hands out to help those in need and to honor those deserving. We live in a unique community, though we may not realize it, a...

Holbein vs Il Guercino :: Essays Papers

Holbein vs Il Guercino Most museum-goers would say that the artwork they are looking at is "impressive" or "interesting", but they would not usually be able to tell you why they think so. This is because, even though they hold that different pieces of work are equally beautiful, it is not often that the inexperienced eye would truly realize exactly what makes each work unique. Some of these factors include the period in which the work was done, the techniques used, and the overall emotion that the work displays. Even though these are not usually the first things that the average museum-goer thinks of, they are surely some of the most significant reasons for why art attracts so many different people with a variety of tastes and interests. Two excellent examples of how these aspects add to the magnificence of a painting while still retaining each work's uniqueness can be seen in comparing Sir Thomas More, by Hans Holbein the Younger, and Sampson Captured by the Philistines, by Guercino. These two paintings are both masterpieces in their own respects, displaying the exceptional talents of the artists and encompassing the nature of paintings during their time. Sir Thomas More, painted in 1527, is a portrait done by Hans Holbein the Younger. The portrait shows Sir More posing still, from the waist up, seated in front of green drapery, with one arm lightly resting on a type of wooden panel. This painting accurately encompasses the civil situation and spirit of the Renaissance in the North. Since religious art was traveling in a downward spiral due to the Protestant Reformation, artists were forced to look for other types of commissions. Because of the improving economy, middle-class citizens started making more money and began to commission portraits of themselves. Holbein was forced to leave his home to find work in England, where he first met Sir Thomas More and portrayed several other great humanists of the time. Holbein's painting of Sir More displays the intricate details, definite lines, rich colors, and illusionism that are associated with the Northern Renaissance. The details in this painting are countless. The individual strands of hair at Sir More's hairline, the wrinkles on his knuckles, the easily observable difference between the color of his irises and his pupils, and the "SS" chain around his neck are all details that may be easily overlooked if one was not thinking about it.

Essay --

Tragedies occur everyday. Almost everyday people hear about a shooting or a violent event. Violence is prevalent everywhere and it is most prevalent in the media specifically in television. Television has changed how people view the world and also how children view the world. What is fiction and what is real? To an adolescent mind it is very hard to distinguish fact from fiction. Everyday they are exposed to violence, murder, and gore on the television. Television should be censored because it causes children to become desensitized to violence. The television has been around since the 1950’s but it wouldn’t be until the 1960’s that television violence began to become prevalent. Before the 1960’s television programs included shows like â€Å"I Love Lucy† and other comedies. These shows didn’t have violence; the premises of these shows were family values and principals. This changed in the 1960’s. The 1960’s were a time of war and violence. The public was able to witness the gore of war right in their living rooms. They were able to witness soldiers shooting other combatants. They were able to witness bombs exploding killing hundreds. They were able to see death. This captured and mesmerized the public, and as a result television began to become increasingly more violent. Television violence has reached a disturbingly high point, and with an increase in media violence comes an increase in child violence. Children have been gradually desensitized to violence, as violence within our media has increased. There has been such a great increase in media violence that now â€Å"the average child by the age of 18 will have witnessed 200,000 acts of violence and 16,000 murders.† Television programs display an average of 812 violent acts per hour... ...o be desensitized to violence? Don’t we want them to be nurtured in a setting that doesn’t increase aggressive behavior? The answer is yes. Toady violence is glamorized and promoted on the television. Shows are not good or â€Å"cool† unless they have some form of violence in them. As viewers see more violent and obscene things, they expect the next thing to be even more violent and obscene. They expect more and more, and for the new one to top the old. As this happens desensitization to violence grows. Children imitate what they see and hear, and television violence is easy to obtain and see. Television violence shouldn’t be easily obtainable and watchable. Children should have difficulty obtaining these things, but sadly today this is not the case. For these reason television should be censored so that the children of our future do not become desensitized to violence.

Black Body Radiation and Ultraviolet Catastrophe

The book entitled Black Body Radiation and the Ultraviolet Catastrophe written by Jeff Brown tells about the story of a fifteen year old science genius in the name of Augustus who was granted with the power to travel to another dimension, time, or space by a mysterious being. Using his power, he traveled across different dimensions, time, and space of his existence. He had learned a lot from the journey and other people he met.The journey, indeed, let him realize his self-existence and learn some life lesson taught to him by some friends and other beings he had met, along them are his real parents that are the exact opposite of he had in earth. This story of Mr. Brown offers many things to ponder upon such as issues we encounter everyday that result to big changes in our lives, values that modern matters need understanding and lessons that are applicable to life; that real happiness does not come from material things and that big surprises comes in small packages.The work of Mr. Brow n is certainly heart-whelming and enriching for having that sense of purpose we have in life, even though the present of the omnipresent narrator sometimes provide his own musings in between the parts of the story. Augustus, the main protagonist in the story, is a son of a wealthy family. He always wanted to be on top of the honor list. Surprisingly, though he was a science genius, he was always too shy to look after some girls. Also, despite all the material wealth he possessed, he never seemed to be contented at all.He had this sense of wanting something or someone that would complete his existence here on earth. In the beginning of the story, the narrator illustrates this fact with the incident wherein he went out with his bike and before he walks out the door; his actions remained unnoticed by both his parents. In this scene, Augustus had this great pang on his insides; he had the feeling that his parents would not want him to stay and be safe in the house. The fact that Augustu s is the sole child, he always seeks a moment wherein his existence is needed with whom he could protect.It is stated in the first part of the story, â€Å"He approached it like he would his sister about to bite into the last piece of cake, that is, if he had one – a sister that is† that would somehow agree to the idea that he do want a sister and maybe, it is because of his parents’ jobs that caused them of not having a child, a sister for Augustus. In his journey, we could observe that as the story progresses, he found things that taught him to be a different Augustus than before.His imaginations, although as wild as anyone could have, eventually came to life and with this, he manage to think only the positive things he could. That could be the reason why he had met his real parents in an unreal world where he was hoping to find the different parents, the one he desired to have in the real world. It had been evident in the story that his parents do not care fo r him in his development as a person except for matters involving his performance in school or when they have to attend to Church festivities (Easter and Christmas).It was his parents from the other world that taught him the biggest blessing that he had and that is about what happiness really means and how to keep a relationship as sturdy and long as he could. Augustus’ character sought and found the main guiding principle of the story, that is, â€Å"without happiness, life is not worth living. † Aside from this principle, he had also learned several other life-long lessons which he applied later in his life. Augustus’ character is a representation of the many unhappy souls seeking something that would make him feel complete despite the material advantages he had.He started dealing with the difficulties brought about by the journey. Those difficulties stand for the modern issues some of us are facing today. His expedition to the other world could also mean for the changes we are having in life. His journey showed how he had manage to make decisions on his own in relation to his crossing to manhood and how he administer to find those things that would give him happiness. Augustus was gathering enough courage to find his life and the other characters he met helped him in this matter.He had learned to find his life’s worth and appreciated it and the virtues it offered to him. Augustus learned to stand by his faith. He experienced loving and being loved in return through the daughter of the Queen. His spiritual quest had earned him to value love, life and religion as well. At the end of the journey, although it seemed that the story is intriguing because of the bias attempts of the omnipresent narrator to convey his ideas within the text, Augustus is entrusted to portray a very strong character since the beginning of the story that he managed to maintain throughout the narrative.Being a reader, one should have managed to put himself in Augustus’ shoes and understand why he could well stand for any one of us. The maturity and self satisfaction he had receive from that high anticipated trip did not die in vain after the journey. The author had excellently dealt with changing Augustus’s and the readers’ life in a unique way shown in this book. Reference: Brown, J. (2007). Black Body Radiation and Ultraviolet Catastrophe. Lulu. com

Establishing Seamless Support

Establishing Seamless Support When dealing with a customer and trying to be able to fix the problem they are having, a support specialist must be able to listen, communicate (verbally and non-verbally), and have the ability or know how to fix the problem. When listening to the customer, take notes so that you do not miss anything. This will allow for the customer to vent and express their problem. Sometimes the customer is mad and just needs to let off some steam, and the support person is the person that has to hear it. Let them get it out and the conversation will go much more smoothly. Communicate to the customer what you will do and how you will do it. Spell it out for them, this will make them feel like they are part of the process and you are doing everything you can for them. When not speaking to the customer, communicate non-verbally so they know that you have their undivided attention. The customer will stay calmer if they know you are taking in everything they are saying. When there has to be some type of compromise, the customer’s needs are first. As a support specialist, we have to remember that we are there to help and not hurt our customers. We want them to continue to come back to the company for all their needs. Once a support specialist can understand that making the customer happy is their objective, then the compromise for an issue is easily obtained.